“妇女”想象与社会主义美学的规约——论“十七年”文学批评中的性别视角及其功能

Female Imagination and the Disciplines of Socialist Aesthetics:On Gender Perspective and Its Function in the Literary Criticism of the "Seventeen Years"

新中国成立后,在社会主义美学的规约下,"十七年"文学批评对"性别话语"进行了重新编码。通过对"妇女"的"工农兵"身份进行阐释和建构,对婚恋故事设定边界或将其纳入宏大叙事的链条之中,以及对参加公共实践的妇女进行"性别倒置"的政治价值判断,"十七年"文学批评塑造了一个"干净"、纯粹,具有道德净化功能和精神权威特质的"妇女"形象。然而,社会主义文学中的性别等级并未因性别"无差异"说而消失,反而成为一种新的削除女性意识和主体性的力量。

Since the establishment of the People＇ s Republic of China, the literary criticism of the ＂Seventeen Years＂ has recoded ＂gender discourse＂ under the disciplines of socialist aesthetics. By interpreting and constructing the identities of the ＂females＂ and the ＂soldiers as workers and peasants,＂ by setting boundaries to the stories of marriage and love or in- corporating these stories into the grand narrative, and by passing ＂gender- inverted＂ political judgment on the females who are involved in public activities, the literary criticism of the ＂Seventeen Years＂ shapes a ＂clean＂ and pure female image that may have the function to purify one＇ s morality and possess the quality of a spiritual authority. However, in socialist lit- erature, gender hierarchy does not disappear because of the advent of the belief in the annihilation of gender difference. In- stead, it has become a new force to weaken female consciousness and female subjectivity.