尿液废水腐熟肥化技术研究

Putrification of Source-separated Urine for Producing Liquid Fertilizer

近年来,以"变废为宝"为理念的源分离排水技术成为国内外的研究热点,从源头上实现尿液废水的分离式收集并进行资源化是其中重要的组成部分。针对尿液废水腐熟肥化技术开展了小试研究,重点分析评价了腐熟肥化过程的微生物安全性和雌激素安全性。结果表明,在尿液废水腐熟肥化生产液态肥的过程中,存在1/4的氨氮挥发损失,需要强化防止自由氨挥发的技术措施;同时存在1/2的磷损失。经过180 d的腐熟肥化,有效降低了尿液废水的细菌总数和大肠菌群,有效削减了尿液废水中雌酮、17α-雌二醇、17β-雌二醇、雌三醇和炔雌醇等5种雌激素类物质的含量。相比于磷酸,采用盐酸和硫酸调节液体肥的pH值更为经济,但是以磷酸作为调节剂时能增加磷肥含量。

In recent years, source-separated drainage technology, the conversion of wastes into useful products, has become a research focus at home and abroad. Urine source separation is considered to be a sustainable alternative for the traditional sewerage system. The putrification of source-separated u- rine for producing liquid fertilizer was investigated in laboratory scale. Microorganism and estrogen safety was analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that about 25 % of ammonia nitrogen in the urine was lost due to the volatilization of free ammonia while half of phosphate was lost due to chemical precipitations during the 180 d putrification. The long-term putrification effectively decreased the total amount of bacte- ria, eoliforms and estrogens including estrone, 17ot-estradiol, 1713-estradiol, estriol, and ethinylestradi- ol. Hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid were more economical than phosphoric acid for pH adjustment. However, as a eonditionin~ a^ent, ohosohoric acid incre, a^od th~ nhn^nh^t,~ f,~,-~;1; ＋^-