溴代二恶英类的来源、检测与污染现状

Emission sources,analysis and current pollution status of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polybrominated dibenzofurans(PBDD/Fs)

多溴二苯并-对-二恶英和多溴二苯并呋喃(PBDD/Fs)具有与多氯二苯并-对-二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDD/Fs)相似的结构和毒性,广泛存在于多种环境介质和生物体中,已经引起了广泛的关注.本文讨论了溴代阻燃剂(BFRs)生产和处理、电子垃圾拆解和热处理、垃圾焚烧和金属冶炼等工业热过程中PBDD/Fs排放水平及生成机制.其中,PBDD/Fs在BFRs产品中的含量较高,范围为0.257—49.605μg.g-1,在电子垃圾热解处理中气相和固相的含量分别可达到57 ng TEQ.kg-1和19000 ng TEQ.kg-1,而在冶金过程烟道气中的含量范围是0.14—1.5 ng TEQ.m-3.本文还总结了PBDD/F分析方法研究进展,包括样品前处理和仪器分析方法,提出了目前影响准确定量PBDD/Fs的因素以及相关的解决措施.归纳了当前环境介质和生物体及食品中PBDD/Fs的存在水平,指出电子垃圾热处理、垃圾焚烧等工业热过程已导致周边环境和生物体内PBDD/Fs的浓度增高.最后,介绍了国外与PBDD/Fs相关的控制措施和政策法规.

Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polybrominated dibenzofurans （PBDD/Fs）, widely existing in environment and organism, have similar structure and toxicity to PCDD/Fs. Emission levels and formation mechanism of PBDD/Fs in production and recycling of BFRs, electronic waste dismantling and thermal treatment, waste incineration and metal smelting processes are discussed in the article. High levels of PBDD/Fs were found in BFRs products, which PBDD/Fs measured in gas and solid phases ranged from O. 257 to 49. 605 ~g-g-1 The TEQ values of in waste treatment were 57 and 19000 ng TEQ. kg-1, respectively. In the metal smelting processes, levels of PBDD/Fs ranged from 0.14 to 1.5 ng TEQ. m-3 in stack gas. The review also presents a summary of advances in purification and separation methods as well as instrument analysis methods for PBDD/Fs monitoring challenges. Influence factors and solutions of precisely quantifying PBDD/Fs are presented. Reports on the levels of PBDD/Fs in current environment, organism and food supplies are concluded. It is found that electronic waste dismantling and waste incineration could cause obvious pollution in the surrounding environment and human beings. Besides, an introduction of control measures, polices and regulations on PBDD/Fs is presented.