迈向儒法并重的市场经济——论中国的社会结构与发展道路

Towards a Market Economy with both Law and Confucianism: China's Social Structure and Development Path

对于中国特色的市场经济,必须在学理上区分哪些是长期的特色,哪些又会随着经济发展水平的提高而减弱。文章从社会资本的视角总结了有关中国发展道路的研究。虽然宗族仍然在中国农村发展中起着一定的作用,但总体来说,传统乡村的社会资本的作用会在经济发展中被消解,在现代城市生长起来的市场经济体制则被既有的权力结构所嵌入。随着后工业化时代的到来,一方面带有权力嵌入的制度将因其不公正性受到挑战;另一方面,市场的不完善性越来越需要人们通过非正式的制度而采取合作行为。未来中国应在建立以法制为基础的市场经济体制的同时,发挥儒家文化中强调人与人之间的合作的非正式制度的作用。

For a Chinese-style market economy,a scholarly distinction is needed between long-term characteristics and those fading as economic development progresses. This article summarizes research on China＇s development path from the angle of social capital. Although clans still play a role in rural development,traditional rural social capital weakens economic development. In modern urban areas,the burgeoning market economy retains the power structure inherited from the old system. As the economy enters the post-industrial era,institutions embedded with power will be challenged because of their unfairness. Meanwhile,the imperfections of the market system will require more cooperation through informal institutions. In the future,China should not only construct a market economy based on a legal system,but also utilize cooperation through informal institutions as espoused by Confucianism.