时空阻断对乒乓球运动员接发球预判绩效的干预研究

Interfering of Space Blocking and Time Blocking on Anticipation Performance to Reception of Table Tennis

从心理学认知角度,将被试按运动等级分为专家组和新手组,运用高速摄像等方法,研究乒乓球运动员在不同时间和空间阻断条件下接发球落点及旋转判断的反应时及准确性。结果表明:2组运动员不同时间阻断对发球旋转性质判断的准确性和反应时均有显著性差异;对发球落点判断的准确性和反应时专家组优于新手组;2组运动员不同空间阻断对发球旋转性质及落点判断均有显著性差异;在落点和旋转判断上,球拍阻断部位低于躯干阻断部位,躯干阻断部位低于头部阻断部位。优秀运动员能够在短时间内综合更多有效信息对发球旋转和落点作出有效判断,此能力可作为考察能否成为优秀运动员的重要指标。

This paper is to study table tennis athletes＇ reaction time and judging accuracy in serve placement and rotation in different time and space blocking condition from the perspective of cognitive psychology.High speed camera,test and other research methods are employed in this research and the research subjects are divided into expert group and novice group.The results show that there are significant differences between the two groups in reaction time and judging accuracy in different time blocking condition.Expert group outweighs novice group in judging the receiving placement in reaction time and judging accuracy.In the placement and rotation judgment,racket block position is below the torso block position;trunk blocking position is below the head block position.Elite athletes can make an effective judgment by integrating more effective information to serve spin and placement in a short period of time.This ability can be treated as an important index of the excellent athletes.