不同距离急停跳投起跳阶段腰腹部肌肉活动特征分析

Analysis of Waist and Abdomen Muscle Activity Characteristics in the Pull-up Jumper Take-off Stage from Different Distances

以西安体育学院院篮球队队员为研究对象,运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、试验法,对距篮框分别为4.6 m、6.25 m、6.75 m时,急停跳投制动起跳起阶段腹直肌、腹外斜肌、背阔肌和竖脊肌的活动特征进行分析。结果显示:(1)在4.6 m和6.25 m处制动起跳投篮阶段,腰腹部被测试肌肉的用力特征变化趋势基本一致,左、右侧竖脊肌起主要作用;(2)与4.6 m、6.25 m处急停跳投相比,在6.75 m处急停跳投时,右侧背阔肌和左、右侧腹外斜肌积分肌电值明显增大,且差异具有显著性(P<0.05);(3)不同距离制动起跳阶段,腰腹部被测肌肉的放电顺序均以背阔肌最先激活,腹直肌最后激活;(4)随着投篮距离的增加,腰腹部被测肌肉的参与程度和贡献率均不同,但共同点是左侧竖脊肌的贡献率最大,右侧腹直肌的贡献率最小。

Basketball team of Xi＇an Physical Education University was selected as the subject.By the method of literature,expert interview method,experimental method,respectively analysis from the basket for 4.6m,6.25m,6.75m,urgent for brake stopped jumping stage rectus muscle and abdominal external oblique muscle,latissimus dorsi and vertical spinal muscular activity characteristic.Results：（1）In 4.6m and 6.25m place brake dive shooting stage,waist abdomen is testing the muscle force characteristics have almost the same change trend and left and right vertical ridge muscle plays a main role.（2）4.6m,6.25m place urgent for arrest,compared to the 6.75m place stopped urgent cast,the right latissimus dorsi and left and right abdominal external oblique muscle integral myoelectricity value increased,and with significant difference（P0.05）.（3）In different distance brake takeoff stage,waist abdomen was test muscle discharge sequence are latissimus dorsi first activation,rectus finally activation.（4）With the increase of the shot distance,waist abdomen muscle tested the participation and contribution are different,but in common is the contribution of the left vertical ridge muscle on the right side of the largest,the contribution of rectus minimum.