山地城市土地利用景观格局动态变化分析——以重庆市主城区为例

Analysis on Landscape Pattern of Land Use in a Mountain City:A Case Study from Metropolitan Area in Chongqing

在RS、GIS技术的支持下,运用景观生态学原理研究了近20年来重庆主城区土地利用和景观格局的动态变化。结果表明:1)研究区内土地利用发生了明显变化,主要表现为建设用地面积持续大幅度增加,耕地面积先增加后减少,林地面积先减少后增加,水体面积相对比较稳定。2)土地利用变化速度越来越快,土地利用类型转变较为剧烈,土地开发强度不断增强。3)研究区景观结构发生了较大变化,斑块密度增加,平均斑块面积减少,香农多样性指数和均匀度指数总体上升,在整体景观破碎化加剧的同时,景观结构趋于多样化、均匀化,景观异质性不断增强。研究认为,由于山水阻隔,重庆主城区形成了有利于生态环境保护的"多中心、组团式"的城市景观格局,然而,随着城市化发展的推进,这种格局正逐渐被弱化,呈连片发展态势。因此,管理和决策部门应制定科学、合理的土地利用总体规划和城市发展规划,在发展经济的同时应加强对生态环境的保护。

In support of RS and GIS technology,and taking landscape ecology principles as research method,we studied the dynamic changes of land use and landscapes pattern of Metropolitan Area in Chongqing in the past 20 years.The results showed that： 1） the land use had a significantly change in the study area,mainly reflected in the construction land area increased continuously in a great extent.Arable land area widely increased before 2000,and then sharply decreased.Woodland area sharply decreased before 2000,and then slowly increased.Water area was relatively stable.2） The rate of land use changes was faster and faster,meanwhile,the land use types transformed violent.Land development intensity was continuously enhanced.3） Landscape structure changed significantly.The average area of patches decreased,patches density increased,Shannon diversity index and Shannon evenness index continuously increased on the whole.The structure of landscape became fragmental,various and heterogeneous with the whole landscape fragmentation exacerbating.Conclusion： due to the landscape barrier,metropolitan area of Chongqing formed the urban landscape pattern of ＂Multi-center and group＂,which was helpful of the protection of the ecological environment.However,with the advance of urbanization,this pattern is gradually being weakened and showing the contiguous development trend.Therefore,management and decision-making departments should formulate a scientific and rational land use plan and urban development plan.In addition,we should strengthen the protection of ecological environment protection in the course of economic development.