种植业生态安全评价——以重庆市沙坪坝区为例

Evaluation on Security of Planting Ecology:A Case Study of Shapingba District in Chongqing

基于农业生态安全,从资源、环境、社会经济等3个方面构建种植业生态安全评价体系;用极差标准化法处理原始数据,用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,选用加权函数法和"障碍度"模型对重庆市沙坪坝区1995—2010年种植业生态安全进行研究。结果显示:1)种植业生态安全综合指数由1995年的0.272 2上升到2010年的0.647 7;2)资源对种植业生态安全障碍度由1995年的28.83%上升到2010年的34.39%,环境和社会经济对种植业生态安全障碍度分别由1995年的46.37%、24.80%下降到2010年的21.78%、9.68%;3)农村人均耕地面积、化肥施用强度、农药施用强度、地膜施用强度和酸雨频率是沙坪坝区种植业生态安全的主要障碍因子。自1995年来沙坪坝区种植业生态安全水平逐年提高,今后通过加强资源保护、提高环境治理力度、加大农业基础建设投资可以提高种植业生态安全水平。

Ecology security is the basis of regional sustainable development.The authors constructed planting eco-security evaluation indicator system,which included resources,environment,social and economic.Based on standardization of method,weighted function method and obstacle degree method,using analytic hierarchy process（AHP）,this paper conformed the weighted coefficient comprehensive analyzed planting eco-security degree of Shapingba District in Chongqing.The results are following：1） from 1995 to 2010,the comprehensive index of planting ecology security increased from 0.272 2 to 0.647 7.2） from 1995 to 2010,the obstacle degree of resources increased from 28.83% to 34.39%,but obstacle degree of environment declined from 46.37% to21.78%,obstacle degree of eco-security declined from 24.80 % to 9.68%.3） to the ecology security of planting,there are some major limiting factors such as plough per capita,intensity of fertilizer using,intensity of pesticide using,intensity of film using and frequency of acid rain.Thus it can be seen that the security level of planting ecology is ascending year by year in Shapingba District since 1995.The security level of planting ecology will be increased by protecting resources,improving environmental governance and increasing infrastructure investment of agricultural.