牛粪与菇渣配合施用对番茄沙化栽培基质的改良效果

Effects of combined application of cow manure and mushroom residue on the improvement of substrate for tomato sandy cultured

【目的】探讨腐熟牛粪与菇渣等体积混合后,与沙化土以不同体积比配制成的有机栽培基质对番茄生长发育的影响,为沙化地区设施土壤的改良利用提供理论依据。【方法】以番茄品种"金鹏十号"为材料,研究了牛粪和菇渣混合腐熟物与沙化土不同配比对番茄生长发育、产量及品质的影响。【结果】在沙化土中增加牛粪和菇渣的配施比例,可以有效提高番茄的株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、单果质量和产量,但牛粪和菇渣配施比例过大时,反而会抑制番茄的生长发育。此外,番茄果实的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及糖酸比也随牛粪和菇渣配施比例的增加而先升高后降低;有机酸含量则随牛粪和菇渣配施比例的增加而降低,VC与硝酸盐含量的变化则与之相反。【结论】将腐熟牛粪和菇渣等体积混合后,与沙化土以体积比1∶1配制而成的栽培基质,番茄产量高、品质好,在沙化地区设施土壤的改良利用中极具推广价值。

【Objective】 In this paper,cow manure and mushroom residue were mixed in equal volume before being blended with sandy soil by different ratios.Then the effects of different substrate ratios on the growth and development of tomato were investigated to improve and utilize the greenhouse soils in sandy areas.【Method】 ＂Jinpeng No.10＂ tomato was chosen as the experiment material to study the effects of applying different mixtures of cow manure and mushroom residue to sandy soil on growth development,yield and fruit quality.【Result】 Plant heights,stem widths,chlorophyll contents,Pn,weights of single fruit,yields of tomato fruits,soluble sugar contents,soluble protein contents,and ratios of sugar and acid increased when proper amounts of mixtures were applied to substrates.However,these parameters decreased when the mixtures were overused.The contents of organic acidity decreased as the increase of the mixtures,while the contents of nitrate and VC increased as the increase of the mixtures.【Conclusion】 The best ratio between sand soil and the mixture of cow manure and mushroom residue obtained in this study was 1∶1.