元杂剧口头编演形态探论——以《元刊杂剧三十种》为中心

Discussion on the Verbal Composition and Performance of Yuan Drama——Focused onThirty Poetic Dramas Printed in Yuan Dynasty

《元刊杂剧三十种》是目前唯一遗存的元代刊刻的杂剧文本,是今人探求元剧舞台真相的主要文献依据。元刊本显示出元剧即兴表演的诸多形态特征,主要有以下两种:剧本中存在不少与口头编演活动相关的舞台术语,提示杂剧艺人进行即兴演出;元刊本大量的文字讹误和替代性符码,亦与剧目的口头编创方式密切相关。这都说明伶人的确曾以口头编演的方式广泛地参与了元杂剧宾白、科范的创作。

In the performance of Yuan Drama,entertainers get involved in the creation of the spoken parts and the stage direction in the way of verbal composition and performance.Thirty Poetic Dramas Printed in Yuan Dynastyis the only existing version of the Yuan Drama;it is the main literature for us to probe into what it is like on the stage of Yuan Drama.The Version published in Yuan Dynasty reveals many features of the impromptu performance of Yuan Drama.There are many stage terminologies about composition and performance signifying that the entertainers do the impromptu performance.And the large quantity of verbal errors and alternative marks are also closely connected with the verbal composition of the Drama.