青少年的完美主义与担忧倾向性

Perfectionism and worry tendency in adolescents

目的:探讨青少年完美主义与担忧倾向性的关系。方法:抽取初中一年级至大学四年级共1072名学生(年龄12～24岁),用青少年担忧倾向性问卷(WTQ-CA)和Frost完美主义问卷(FM PS)测查其担忧倾向性和完美主义,比较不同性别、年级之间的得分差异,采用相关分析和分层回归分析了解完美主义与担忧倾向性的关系。结果:女生WTQ-CA总分高于男生[(86.9±21.7)vs.(82.9±25.0),P<0.01]。高中生WTQ-CA总分高于初中生和大学生[(91.9±25.6)vs.(84.3±24.9),(84.1±19.9),均P<0.01],初中生和高中生FM PS总分高于大学生[(155.2±23.5),(155.6±30.0)vs.(147.0±23.4),均P<0.01]。FMPS总分>175组的WTQ-CA总分[(101.4±22.8)vs.(72.7±17.1)]及因子分高于FM PS总分<127分组(均P<0.01)。FM PS总分与WTQ-CA总分呈正相关(r=0.41,P<0.001),FM PS担心出错、父母要求因子分与WTQ-CA总分及各因子分正相关(r=0.19～0.50,均P<0.01),FMPS个人标准因子分与WTQ-CA学习担忧、关系担忧和健康担忧因子分呈正相关(r=0.20、0.27、0.20,均P<0.001)。分层回归分析显示,年级越高,女生(β=0.12)和总样本(β=0.12)的WTQ-CA总分越高(均P<0.05);FMPS担心出错和父母要求得分越高,男生(β=0.39、0.18)、女生(β=0.46、0.26)和总样本(β=0.44、0.19)的WTQ-CA总分越高(均P<0.05)。女生担心出错(0.46 vs.0.39)、父母要求(0.26 vs.0.18)得分对WTQ-CA得分的回归系数大于男生(均P<0.05)。结论:高中生完美主义和担忧倾向性水平较高,青少年完美主义可能与担忧倾向性正相关。

Objective： To investigate the relationship between perfectionism and worry tendency. Methods： Totally 1072 students aged 12 - 24 years, including junior high school students, senior high school students and college students were selected. They were assessed with the Worry Tendency Questionnaire for Chinese Adolescents （WTQ-CA） and Frosts＇ Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale （FMPS）. The gender and grade differences in the WTQ-CA and FMPS scores were compared and the relationship among the scores of the WTQ-CA and FMPS was analyzed. Results：The WTQ-CA total scores were higher in girls than in boys [（86. 9±21.7） vs. （82. 9 ±25.0）, P 〈 0. 01 ], and higher in high middle school students than in junior middle school students and college students [（91.9 ±25.6） vs. （84. 3 ±24. 9）, （84. 1 ± 19. 9）, Ps 〈0. 01]. The FMPS total scores were higher in high middle school students and junior high school students than in college students [（ 155.2 ± 23.5）, （ 155.6 ±30. 0） vs. （147.0 ±23.4）, P 〈0. 01]. The WTQ-CA total scores [（101.4±22. 8） vs. （72. 7 ±17.1）, P 〈0. 001] and factor scores were higher in those with the FMPS scores above 175 than in those with the FMPS scores below 127. The FMPS total scores were positively correlated with the WTQ-CA total scores （r = 0. 41, P 〈 0. 001）. The scores of ＂ concerns with mistakes and doubts＂ and ＂parents＇ expectation and control＂ were positively correlated with the WTQ-CA total score and its factors＇ scores（ r = 0. 19 ± 0. 50, P5 〈 0. 01）. The scores of ＂personal standards＂ was positively correlated with the scores of ＂learning worry＂, ＂relationship worry＂ and ＂healthy worry＂（ r = 0. 20,0. 27 0.20, Ps 〈0. 001）. The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that grade was positively correlated with the WTQ-CA total score in girls （β =0. 12, P 〈0. 05） and total sample （β =0. 12, P 〈0. 01）. And the FMPS-scores of ＂concerns with mistakes and doubts＂ and ＂parents＇ expectation and control＂ were positively correlated with the WTQ-CA total scores in boys （β = 0. 39, 0. 18; Ps 〈 0.05）, girls （β = 0. 46, 0. 26; Ps 〈 0. 01） and total sample （β = 0. 44, 0, 19; Ps 〈0. 01）. The regression coefficients of ＂concerns with mistakes and doubts＂ （0. 46 vs. 0. 39） and ＂ parents＇ expectation and control＂ （0. 26 vs. 0. 18） were higher in girls than in boys （Ps 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion： It is suggested that worry tendency and perfectionism in high middle school students may be in higher level, and worry tendency may be positively related to perfectionism.