特色种植专业村空间扩散及影响因素分析——以河南省柘城县辣椒种植为例

Spatial distribution of specialized vegetable cultivation villages and its influencing factors:A case study of capsicum plantation in Zhecheng County,Henan Province

专业村是中国区域农业专业化发展的空间载体,其扩散因能扩大专业种植规模、形成地理优势而备受关注。运用2011年河南省柘城县辣椒种植业调查数据,采用空间分析、社会网络分析、回归分析等方法,从辣椒种植空间扩散及影响因素入手,探讨了辣椒种植专业村的空间扩散过程及其影响因素。研究发现:①特色种植空间扩散主要有4种途径,但以政府廊道、近邻廊道为主;②专业村的空间扩散特征为:点域扩散→交通轴线扩散→局部面状扩散→广域扩散→边缘区扩散。此发现说明,示范效应、政府深刻影响着柘城县农户对辣椒种植的选择,距离、交通及村庄区位等地理要素深刻影响着扩散的空间格局。③整个特色种植的扩散速度主要受距离县城远近的影响,专业村的扩散速度主要受距离辣椒种植基地远近的影响。④特色种植的扩散强度受资源、政府影响最大;随着时间的推移,媒体、市场、耕地规模影响逐步增强。专业村的扩散强度受区位影响较弱,受资源、种植习惯的影响较大,且随时间的推移,市场因素影响凸显。总之,影响特色种植空间扩散的因素较分散,影响专业村空间扩散的因素较集中,但均随着时间的变化不断变化,且整体呈现:区位、资源条件的影响始终最大,市场因素作用趋于增强。最后,文章从村域微观环境、村际中观环境及社会宏观背景三个方面对其进行了分析和解释。

TSpecialized villages are the basic geographical carriers of specialized regional agricultural development.Recently,the spatial diffusion of specialized villages attracts attention of many scholars because of their abilities of expanding the geographical scope of the agricultural regional specialization and forming geographical advantages.Based on the survey on the capsicum planting in Zhecheng County,Henan Province in 2011,this paper explores the spatial distribution process of specialized villages of capsicum planting and its influencing factors,using the methods of spatial analysis,social network analysis and regression analysis.It is shown that：（1） The spread of specialized planting has four kinds of diffusion ways and it is dominated by the governmental channel and geographical channel;（2） The evolution of the spatial diffusion pattern of specialized villages is listed in the order of point diffusion → line diffusion →local diffusion → large area diffusion → edge region diffusion.It is suggested that the demonstration effect and government guidance have profound impacts on the farmers’ decision on planting capsicum or other crops.Besides these,the geographic factors,such as distance to the nearest town or city,transport facilities and the location of villages,have significant influences on the spatial pattern of diffusion;（3） The diffusion speed of the capsicum planting is mainly affected by the distance to the county seat,while that of the specialized villages is chiefly affected by the distance to the capsicum planting base;（4） The diffusion strength of the whole capsicum planting is affected mainly by resource endowment and government guidance,and the influence of the access to media,marketing and the size of land gradually increases with the elapse of time.Meanwhile,the diffusion strength of the specialized villages is influenced profoundly by resource endowment,cultivation habits,and the increasing market forces,but weakly by location.At last,this paper explains the results from the perspective of the intra-village environment,inter-village environment,and the social macro background.