美国外交战略中的公民伊斯兰理论与实践

Civil Islam, Moderate Muslims and Their Role in US Diplomacy

公民伊斯兰是"9·11"后国际政治领域的一个重要议题。它首先基于伊斯兰传统的国家内部社会的结构性变迁,印尼和土耳其是两个典型例子。作为世界上穆斯林人口最多的国家,印尼政治却处于世俗民族主义原则的指导之下,包括苏加诺的"五项原则"、新秩序时期的统合主义以及后苏哈托时期的多元主义;土耳其则是伊斯兰民主的代表。在凯末尔世俗主义的原则下,政治伊斯兰在经济发展和国际因素的影响下日益兴起。与以暴力恐怖为主要特征的中东地区不同,印尼和土耳其展现出伊斯兰政治的另外一种模式。自由或温和伊斯兰同样体现为美国针对伊斯兰世界的一种重要外交战略。

Civil Islam as a key term of international politics in the post-9/11 era, it firstly reflects the internal change of social structure in Muslim countries. Indonesia and Turkey are two important cases. With the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesian politics is characteristic of secular nationalism, based on Pancasila promoted by Soekarno, and developed through the New Order regime of Soeharto. Turkey is a model of Islamic democracy. Under the legacy of Kemalist secularism, the political Islam arose due to economic development and political reform since the 1950s. The AKP won the general elections in 2002 and 2007, which became a miracle of world politics. Both Indonesia and Turkey provide us an alternative model of political Islam, different from the dominant image of violence and terror in the Middle East. At last, liberal or moderate Islam is also part of the US international strategy in the post-9/11 world.