汉语合成复合词的构词原则、类型学特征及其对语言习得的启示

A further study on Chinese synthetic compounds : Structure , typology and cues to language acquisition

过去十年,对汉语合成复合词的研究逐渐深入,既有新的语料,也有新的分析。现在,其核心问题如合成复合词的构词原则仍是研究重点,它对汉语类型学特征的认识以及对语言习得过程都有重要启示。在之前研究的基础上,本文指出:一、汉语合成复合词严格按照"中心语素右向原则"构成,仅双音节句法语序者除外;二、基于语法运作的经济性,名词性单音节黏着词根要跟邻近的双音节动词组合;三、合成复合词的语序跟动词是否有屈折形态没有直接关系,但屈折形态和音节模式都是重要的类型学特征,也是合成复合词习得过程中的重要因素。

Based on previous studies , this paper delivers further arguments for Chinese synthetic compounds being construed by the ' Righthand Headedness Rule '(RHR), except for those disyllabic ones that originated from syntax.In addition , due to processing economy , monosyllabic bound roots are likely to form a constituent with an adjacent disyllabic verb.Relatedly , the disyllabic prosodic formation , whether on its own or in constituents with other roots , is an important morphological feature of Chinese synthetic compounds , no less typologically prominent than verbal inflection for synthetic compounds in an Indo-European language like English , since both inflection and prosody are dynamic factors that influence language acquisition.