汉日同形词意义用法的对比方法研究

On a general methodology for contrastive analysis of Chinese-Japanese homographs

汉语和日语中存在着大量同形词,大多数同形词的意义用法在汉语和日语之间存在着微妙差别。学界对汉日同形词意义用法的对比方法尚缺乏系统探讨,绝大多数研究只涉及少数词汇的个别侧面,其方法只适用于其所考察的词汇,没能归纳出一个普遍方法。本文利用大规模语料库,通过对大量实例考察发现,汉日同形词的意义用法差别总是体现在四个层面,即意义、词性、句法功能、搭配关系。这四个层面上的差别呈阶梯型层级关系,按此进行分析,就可基本上探清每一对汉日同形词的差别所在。

There are many homographs in Chinese and Japanese , such as 政治(politics),深刻(profound) and so on.Studies about these homographs have yielded rich results , yet there is hardly any discussion about the methodology of such studies.As the majority of the studies have focused on certain aspects of individual words , the methods of these studies being suitable only for the words under study , no general methodology has emerged out of these studies.Based on a large number of corpus data , this paper shows that the differences in meaning and usage between Chinese-Japanese homographs can be found at the levels of meaning , word class , the syntactic function and collocation , exhibiting a hierarchical relationship.A study following the order of ' meaning→ word class→syntactic function→collocation ' can ensure that the similarities and differences between Chinese-Japanese homographs can be fully revealed.