有机无机肥配施对渭北旱塬红富士苹果树生长发育及产量的影响

Effect of fertilizer type on growth and yield of Fuji apple in Weibei dry region of Shaanxi

【目的】为了研究不同肥料配比对旱地红富士苹果树生长发育及产量的影响,【方法】以‘长富二号’苹果品种为试材,在生草覆盖和清耕制下设置五个不同施肥处理,对其生长发育和产量指标进行方差分析。【结果】与不施肥对照相比,在清耕和生草覆盖下,不同肥料配比使坐果率分别提高14.24%～27.00%和49.90%～89.10%、干径分别增加29.03%～61.29%和63.84%～104.06%、春梢长度分别增加9.09%～22.02%和21.43～37.69%、单株产量分别提高11.09%～21.56%和19.41%～52.88%;与清耕相比,生草覆盖显著增加干径15%和提高单株产量6.84%。【结论】生草覆盖并配合施用有机无机肥是旱地果园提高树体生长发育、获得高产的最佳模式。

[Objective]The objective of the research was to elucidate the effect of fertilizer type on plant growth and yield of Fuji apple in dry land. [Method]Taking the cuhivar ＇Changfu 2＇ as materials, 5 fer- tilization treatments in both grass covering and conventional tillage models were carried out to investigate their effect on tree growth and yield by analysis of variance （ANOVA）. [ResuhlThe result showed that compared with no fertilization, rational fertilization could promote fruit tree growth and yield. In the grass covering and conventional tillage models, rational fertilization increased the fruit setting rate by 14.24% to 27.00% and 49.90% to 89.10% , improved tree circumference by 29.03% to 61.29% and 63.84% to 154.24%, increased spring shoot length by 9.09% to 22.02% and 21.43 to 37.69%, and increased the yield per tree by 11.09% to 21.56% and 19.41% to 52.88%, respectively. Compared with conventional tillage management, tree circumference significantly increased by 15% and yield per tree increased by 6.84% in the grass covering model. [Conclusion]The studies suggested that the grass covering model with mixed fer- tilizer of inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizer is a rational management for fruit tree growth and yield.