野生与养殖草鱼肌肉营养成分比较分析

Comparison of Nutrient Composition of Muscles of Wild and Farmed Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus

对野生和养殖草鱼肌肉常规营养成分、氨基酸含量和脂肪酸组成进行测定和分析比较。常规营养成分测定结果表明:野生草鱼肌肉中粗蛋白含量显著高于养殖草鱼(P<0.01),水分和粗脂肪含量显著低于养殖草鱼(P<0.05)。氨基酸含量测定结果表明:野生草鱼氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量显著高于养殖草鱼(P<0.05),必需氨基酸指数(67.4)高于养殖草鱼(66.1),而鲜味氨基酸总量差异不显著。脂肪酸组成测定结果表明:野生和养殖草鱼肌肉中均含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸(UFA),分别占脂肪酸总量的89.45%和96.70%,但野生和养殖草鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成有很大差异,野生草鱼肌肉中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)总量显著高于养殖草鱼(P<0.01);而单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)总量显著低于养殖草鱼(P<0.01);多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)总量二者差异不显著,但n-3和n-6族多不饱和脂肪酸组成不同,野生草鱼n-3族多不饱和脂肪酸总量显著高于养殖草鱼(P<0.01),而n-6族多不饱和脂肪酸则显著低于养殖草鱼(P<0.05),表明草鱼饲料配方中n-3族多不饱和脂肪酸的添加量可能不足。

The nutrient composition of muscles of wild and farmed grass carp were analyzed by generic methods.The results showed that the content of crude protein in muscle of wild grass carp was significantly higher than that of farmed grass carp（P 0.01） while the contents of crude fat and moisture in muscle of wild grass carp were significantly lower than those of farmed grass carp（P 0.05）.A total of 18 amino acids was detected in muscles of grass carp,and the contents of total amino acids and essential amino acids in muscle of wild grass carp were significantly higher than those of farmed grass carp（P 0.05）.The essential amino index（EAAI） of wild grass carp（67.4） was higher than that of farmed grass carp（66.1） whereas no significant difference was observed in the total content of delicious amino acids between wild and farmed grass carp.The total contents of unsaturated fatty acids（UFA） in muscles of wild and farmed grass carp were 89.45% and 96.70%,respectively,which were higher than those of saturated fatty acids（SFA）.However,there were significant differences in fatty acids composition of muscles between wild and farmed grass carp.The total content of SFA in muscle of wild grass carp was significantly higher than that of farmed grass carp（P 0.01） while the total content of monounsaturated fatty acids（MUFA） was significantly lower than that of farmed grass carp（P 0.01）.No significant difference was found in the total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids（PUFA） between wild and farmed grass carp.The total content of n-3 PUFA in muscle of wild grass carp,however,was significantly higher than that of farmed grass carp（P 0.01）.The total content of n-6 PUFA in muscle of wild grass carp was significantly lower than that of farmed grass carp（P 0.05）.These results demonstrated insufficient addition of n-3 PUFA in the diet of grass carp.In summary,the muscle of wild grass carp showed higher nutritional value than that of farmed grass carp.