贸易自由化与中国性别工资差距——基于工具变量和分位数回归方法的实证研究

Trade Liberalization and Chinese Gender Wage Gap——Empirical Analysis Based on the Instrumental and Quantile Regression Methods

采用中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）数据库2004~2009年的数据,运用IV方法和基于控制函数的分位数回归方法,测算了贸易自由化对中国劳动力性别工资差距的影响。结果表明,贸易自由化扩大了男女性别工资差距。更为重要的是,分位数回归显示,贸易自由化对同一样本内部不同工资水平的影响具有很大的差异,高工资劳动力尤其是高工资的男性劳动力从贸易自由化中获益最多,而低工资劳动力尤其是低工资的女性劳动力最容易受到贸易自由化带来的工资损害。因此,通过发展教育提升女性的人力资本水平意义重大,这也是缩小性别工资差异,最终实现两性平等的关键所在。

This paper uses instrumental variables method and the quantile regression method based on control function to calculate the impact of trade liberalization to gender wage gap with the panel data from 2004 to 2009 of the China Health and Nutrition Survey （CHNS）. The results show that trade liberalization expand the gender wage gap. And something just as important is, with quantile regression method the authors find; trade liberalization has a very different impact on different wage levels within the same sample. High-wage labor force, especially the male high-wage labor force, benefits most from trade liberalization. On the other side, the low-wage labor, especially female low-wage labor force, is more vulnerable to suffer wage damages brought by trade liberalization. Therefore, enhancing women＇s significant level of human capital by the way of education development is so significant, which is also the key to solve the problem of gender wage gap and ultimately achieve gender equality.