不同类型美感体验的自主反应特点

Experimental Study on the Effect of the Different Styles Aesthetic Experience on Autonomous Physiological Reactions

不同美感体验类型有何特异的生理反应?以音乐和图片为刺激,以心率、皮肤电为生理反应指标,测量了不同审美状态下的自主生理反应情况。结果发现:视听通道中,优美、壮美、悲剧、喜剧4种审美风格的刺激都使被试心率和皮肤电下降;不同的美感形态所引起的反应不同,喜剧和壮美风格刺激诱发的自主生理反应变化相对于其他两种风格显得更明显;四种美感体验类型的生理反应都不同于消极情绪,而类似积极情绪。

The aesthetic experiences must be based on certain nervous physiology of humans. The extant literature shows that the orbit-frontal cortex is differentially engaged in the perception of beautiful and ugly stimuli. Evidences from Event-Related Potentials show us that beautiful stimulus will stimulate much larger P3 than the ugly and neutral stimulus. Besides the neural activities,the blood circulatory system,the respiratory system,the glandular secretion system and the digestive system all participate in the emotional process. So,the localizations of aesthetic brain and neural electrical activity cannot supply the most comprehensive and objective description. In addition,the subjective evaluation of experience of aesthetic feeling cannot reflect the differences of aesthetic emotions. ! Most research focuses on the different physiological reactions between the positive emotions and negative emotions. Will the aesthetic experiences induce similar physiological responses as the positive emotions？ This research uses HR （hear rate） and GSR （Galvanic skin response） as indexes,music and visual pictures as the stimuli to explore whether the subjects＇ autonomous physiological reactions are consistent across the audio-visual channel under four different aesthetic styles. Firstly,subjects were asked to listen to four different aesthetic types of music （including concinnity,comedy,sublime,tragedy） ,and evaluate their aesthetic feelings engendered by these music. The results show that to all of the four types of music,over 70 percent of subjects chose the corresponding aesthetic words to express their feelings. A 2 （visual and auditory channel） × 4 （four aesthetic styles） experimental design was used in Experi- ment 2 to measure autonomous physiological responses. Participants were stimulated by the picture and music,and their heart rates and Galvanic skin response were recorded with polygraph. The result shows that the stimuli of the four aesthetic styles all made their heart rate and skin conductance decrease,regardless of the auditory or visual channel. The reactions of comedy,sublime are more obvious than those of concinnity and tragedy. All of these indicate that aesthetic does have a very relaxing function. We made an analysis of variance. The result is that the aesthetic style had the pure main effect on HR and GSR,but there was no interaction between aesthetic and the channel. We conclude that different aesthetic styles do induce different physiological responses and they have cross-channel consistency. Physiological responses to the concinnity,sublime,tragedy,and comedy aesthetic experiences are different from negative emotions,but similar to positive emotions.