社会偏见与群际威胁在群际冲突发生过程中的作用

The Effect of Social Prejudice and Group Threat on the Intergroup Conflict

研究以"医患冲突"为载体,采用竞争反应时范式(CRT)和故事补全范式(SCP),探讨社会偏见和群际威胁在群际冲突发生过程中的作用。结果表明:(1)"医生"被试中,社会偏见在CRT和SCP两个指标上均具显著主效应,而"患者"被试中,社会偏见仅在CRT范式"惩罚持续时间"指标上主效应显著;(2)群际威胁在CRT和SCP指标上的主效应均显著。研究发现,在群际冲突发生过程中,社会偏见的作用具有"方向效应",而群际威胁变量发挥着显著而直接的影响。

Aggressiveness was a hot area in social cognition studies. Some literatures suggested that social prejudice was one of the factors that led to the emergence of aggressive behaviors （Parrott Zeichner,2005; Thomsen ,Green, Sidanius,2008） . These studies mainly included the relationship between sexual orientation bias and interpersonal aggressive behaviors （Franklin,2000; Vincent,Parrott, Peterson,2011; Parrott,2008） and a small part of the relationship between racial prejudice and intergroup aggression. However,the majority of the results of the relations of the social prejudices received criticisms abroad,especially from the research institutions in the United States and Canada. The conclusion is not appropriate to explain the mechanism of other social prejudice forms that caused the indirect intergroup aggressive behaviors under the condition of domestic social harmony. Keeping in mind the existing research results and the domestic social phenomena,the present study aimed to investigate the effect of social prejudice and group threat as well as their cognitive processing mechanism on the intergroup conflict behavior conformation. Concretely,the present study operated with the implicit social prejudice and intergroup threat as the independent variables,and chose the index of Competitive Reaction Time task and Story Completion Protocol,the Doctors-Patients prejudice as the exemplars of social prejudice as the dependent variables. The present study found the following results： （1） For DOCTOR subjects,social prejudice had a significant main effect on the punished intensity and punished duration as well as the aggressive expression number. But for PATIENT subjects,social prejudice had a significant main effect only on the punished duration index. （2） Whether DOCTOR subjects or PATIENT subjects,group threat had a significant main effect on the punished intensity and punished duration as well as the aggressive expression number. The result suggested that for the conformation of the intergroup conflict,according to the forces comparison that both sides of conflict hold,social prejudices played an important role as a directional feature; and group threat had a more prominent and direct impact on the trigger of intergroup conflict. In addition,the present study also found that the ＂two-direction＂may help reveal the nature of the relationship between social prejudices and aggressive behavior.