人力资本、社会资本与农村已婚男女非农就业

Human Capital,Social Capital and Non-agricultural Employment of Rural Married Labor

农村已婚男女在非农部门实现稳定就业是解决我国农村剩余劳动力向非农部门转移的关键。文章基于2008年中国综合社会调查数据,通过建立多重选择MLM模型及二元Probit模型考察了农村已婚男女实现非农就业的决定因素及性别差异。研究发现,人力资本、社会资本和地理因素在农村已婚男女从事非农工作及维持非农工作的稳定性中发挥着关键作用。具体而言,受教育程度高、健康状态好、拥有城镇户口、靠近城镇增加了他们从事非农工作的机会,降低了其失去非农工作的风险;已婚男性非农工作机会远高于女性,失去非农工作的风险远低于女性。

The stable non-agricultural employment of rural married la- bor is the key to the solution to the transformation of rural surplus labor to non-agricultural sectors in China. Based on the synthetic sociological survey of China in 2008, this paper analyzes the key factors and gender difference in the non-agricultural employment of rural married labor by the construction of MLM model and Probit model. It reaches the conclusion that human capital, social cap- ital and geographical factor play the key role in the non-agricultural employment of rural married labor and its stability. Specifically speaking, higher education, a good state of health, non-agricultural hukou and a near location for urban areas help rural married labor to get non-agricultural jobs and re- duce the risks of losing non-agricultural jobs; the opportunities for men to get non-agricultural employment are far more higher than women, while the risks for men to lose non-agricultural jobs are far more lower than women.