富蕴县半定居家庭牧场草畜平衡优化模式综合效益评价

The Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation for Optimization Model of Grass-Livestock Balance in Semisedentary Family Ranch of Fuyun County

选择具有典型代表性的半定居牧民家庭6户,并对其承包的天然草地、以及草畜平衡现状、畜牧业生产等方面进行本底调查,在此基础上制定了半定居牧民家庭牧场草畜平衡优化模式。根据研究,半定居家庭牧场暖季放牧7个月,冷季舍饲5个月是最优化方案。并对草畜平衡优化模式结果进行综合效益分析,家庭牧场年收入由现状年的39.42万元提高到调整年的63.41万元,增加23.99万元;支出费用由现状年的6.57万元增加到18.50万元,增加了11.93万元;年净收入由现状年的32.86万元增加到调整年的44.91万元,增加12.05万元;劳均净收入由现状年的2.88万元增加到调整年4.28万元,增加1.40万元。同时,草地产草量增加,毒害草及虫鼠害减少,草地退化、沙化、盐碱化得到控制。

Abstract： Six typical semisedentary family ranchs were selected for the research. Through the background survey of natural grassland they contracted, the present situation of Grass-Livestock Balance and the livestock production performance, based on the data collected, the research developed an Optimization Model of Grass Livestock Balance for semisedentary family ranchs. The study shows that the most optimal solution is 7 months grazing in warm season, followed by 5 months of in-door feeding in cold season. The analysis on the optimal model shows that the each family＇s annual income increased from 394,200 Yuan from the current year to 634,100 Yuan to adjustment year, increased by 239,900 Yuan; the expenses are increased from 65,700 Yuan to 185,000 yuan, increased by 119,300 Yuan; and the annual net income also increased from 328,600 Yuan to 449,100 Yuan, increased by 120,500 Yuan; the net income Per capita increased from 28,800 Yuan to 42,800 Yuan, increased by 14,000 Yuan. And the grassyield are increased, the damage of poisonous weed and insect pest are reduced, the grassland degeneration, desertification and salinization can be controlled at the same time.