轨道车辆新型车端专用吸能装置

New Special Energy-Absorbing Component at Vehicle End of Rail Vehicles

为了提高轨道车辆的耐碰撞性,利用金属薄壁结构轴向切削和压缩过程吸收能量的原理,设计了一种新型车辆端部专用吸能装置;采用显式有限元软件LS-DYNA建立了吸能装置吸能过程的等效三维有限元模型,并对吸能过程进行数值模拟;分析了切削深度、刀具前角和切屑圆心角等参数对吸能装置吸能性能的影响.研究结果表明,新型吸能装置吸收的能量、界面力与切削深度、切屑圆心角成正比,与刀具前角成反比,受切削深度的影响较小;新型吸能装置的冲程效率可达100%,压缩力效率和总效率可达70%以上,高于现有吸能装置.

In order to improve the crashworthiness of rail vehicles, a new special energy-absorbing component at vehicle end was designed according to the energy-absorbing principle of axial cutting and compression process of thin-walled metal structure. An equivalent three-dimensional finite element model for the absorbing process of energy-absorbing component was established using the explicit finite element software LS-DYNA, based on which a numerical simulation of the energy-absorbing process was made. The influences of cutting depth, tool rake angle, and chip central angle on the performance of the energy-absorbing component were analyzed. The results show that the energy absorption and interface force of the energy-absorbing component was proportional to the cutting depth and chip central angle, and inversely proportional to the tool rake angle, but was little affected by cutting depth. The stroke efficiency of the new energy-absorbing component can arrive at 100% , and its compression efficiency and gross efficiency can reach more than 70% , all higher than those of the existing energy absorbing component.