近50年石家庄地面温度变化特征与气候因子的关系分析

Relation between Variation Characteristics and Climatic Influencing Factors of Ground Temperature in Shijiazhuang in Recent 50 Years

利用石家庄地区5个观测站1961—2010年逐日地面温度、气温、风速、日照时数和总云量观测数据,分析讨论了该地区地面温度最高值和最低值的变化特征以及气温、降水、风速、日照时数和总云量对地面温度变化的影响。结果表明:地面最高温度波动幅度较大,其中冬季波动幅度明显偏大;地面最低温度波动幅度较小,其中夏季波动幅度明显偏大;地面最高温度夏、秋季降温趋势显著;地面最低温度各季节增温趋势显著;地面最高温度与最高气温、日照时数和风速互为正相关,与总云量互为负相关;地面最低温度与最低气温和总云量互为正相关,与风速、日照时数互为负相关;最高气温对地面最高温度的正相关性最强,风速最弱;总云量对地面最高温度的负相关性在夏、冬季较强;最低气温对地面最低温度的正相关性最强,总云量最弱;风速对地面最低温度的负相关性在春、秋季较强,日照时数在秋、冬季较强。

Based on the daily ground temperature, air temperature, wind speed, solar duration, and total cloud cover observation data of 5 stations in Shijiazhuang from 1961 to 2010, the characteristics of the maximum and minimum ground temperature, as well as the relationship of air temperature, precipitation, wind speed, solar dura;~ion, and total cloud cover to ground temperature, are analyzed. The results show that the diurnal amplitudes of the maximums were bigger, obviously in winter; those of the minimums were smaller, obviously in summer. The maximums had a clear cooling trend in summer and autumn, the minimums had a clear warming trend in various seasons. There was a positive correlation between maximum ground temperature and maximum air temperature, solar duration, and wind speed, while a negative correlation between maximum ground temperature and total cloud cover. There was a positive correlation between minimum ground temperature and minimum air temperature, total cloud cover, while a negative correlation between minimum ground temperature and wind speed, solar duration. The maximum air temperature had a maximal positive effect on the maximum ground temperature, while wind speed had a minimal positive effect. The total cloud cover had a negative effect on the maximum ground temperature and was stronger in summer and winter. The minimum air temperature had the strongest positive effect on the minimum ground temperature, while total cloud cover had the weakest positive effect. The wind speed had a negative effect on the minimum ground temperature and was stronger in spring and autumn, while solar duration was stronger in autumn and winter.