蒙古族草原游牧文化(Ⅱ)——蒙古族草原畜牧业资源

Rangeland nomadic culture of the Mongolian nationality(Ⅱ)——Grassland husbandry resources of the Mongolian nationality

通过查阅资料和调查走访总结了蒙古族草原畜牧业资源。结果显示,目前,生活在中国境内的蒙古族主要分布在内蒙古呼伦贝尔、锡林郭勒、科尔沁、乌兰察布、鄂尔多斯和乌拉特等6个著名大草原区和新疆巴音郭楞、博尔塔拉牧区及青海省海西牧区、甘肃肃北牧区;饲养畜种以蒙古马、蒙古牛、蒙古羊为主。培育了"三河马"、"三河牛"、"草原红牛"、"乌珠穆沁牛"、"乌珠穆沁肥尾羊"、"敖汉细毛羊"、"鄂尔多斯细毛羊"、"阿尔巴斯白山羊"、"阿拉善驼"等优良家畜品种;草原建设以草库伦、牧草种植、饲草饲料储备和掘井、访火等为主。历史上曾采用"古列延"的形式游牧和狩猎,公元13世纪,转变为"阿寅勒"游牧方式,因阿寅勒的游牧形式较"古列延"式更有利于游牧畜牧业的经营与发展。因此,阿寅勒的游牧形式一直沿用至今。

The grassland husbandry resources of the Mongolian nationality were summarized based on the literatures review and investigation and the result indicated that the Mongolian living in China mainly distribute in 6 famous pastoral areas of Inner Mongolian,Bayinguoleng and Boertala of Xingjiang, Haixi of Qinghai and Su- bei of Gansu. The main livestock was Mongolian horse, Mongolian cattle and Mongolian sheep. Some high quali- ty livestock breeds including Sanhe Horse, Sanhe Cattle, Grassland Red Cattle, Wuzuqin Cattle, Wuzuqin Fat-tail Sheep, Aohan Fine Wool Sheep, Erdos Fine Wool Sheep, Aerbasi White Goat and Alashan Camel were cultivat-ed. The grassland construction was mainly grassland fencin fire into control. In history,the ＂Ayinle＂ pattern and ＂Gulieya it is still n＂ nomadic pattern and used nowadays because g h , forage growing, fodder storage, drilling unting were used,in 13th century,it was is better for nomadic animal production. well and changed