认知学徒模式在临床护生护患沟通技能培训中的应用

Application of Cognitive Apprenticeship Model in Nurse-patient Communication Training for Nursing Students

目的基于认知学徒模式理论,探索临床护生护患沟通技能培训模式的构建,以提高临床教学效果。方法采用方便抽样法选取上海交通大学护理学院2008级护理学专业于A医院实习的22名护生为研究组,实习期间应用认知学徒模式开展沟通技能培训;同时选取同校于B医院实习的22名护生为对照组,采用传统带教模式。两组护生干预前后同时进行沟通能力测评表及改编版沟通技能自信问卷调查,同时对研究组进行培训满意度的调查。结果干预前,两组护生在沟通能力和沟通自信心方面无差异(P>0.05)。干预后,研究组在沟通自信心方面与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但在沟通能力总分及基本语言沟通能力及基本非语言沟通能力方面均高于对照组(P<0.01)。研究组85.7%的护生对培训效果表示满意。结论基于认知学徒模式的沟通技能教学能提高护生护患沟通能力,而对护生沟通自信的影响需进一步研究。该教学模式总体设置合理,结合多种教学形式,形成了良好的整体教学效应,具有可行性。

Objective To evaluate the effect of the training of nurse-patient communication skills based on the cognitive apprenticeship model on the nursing students.Methods A total of 44 nursing students of Grade 2008 in School of Nursing of Shanghai Jiaotong University were randomly divided into two groups who take part in the clinical practice in two hospitals.22 students in Hospital A as the experimental group received the nurse-patient communication skills training base on the cognitive apprenticeship model during the period of their practice,while the other 22 students in Hospital B as the control group didn＇t attend the training but with traditional teaching model.After the 3 months＇ clinical practice,their communication skills and communication confidence of experimental group were compared with those of control group.Results There was no statistical difference in communication skill and communication confidence between two groups before training（P0.05）.After training,there was no statistical difference in communication confidence between two groups（P0.05）,while the score of communication skill of experimental group were higher significantly than those in control group（P0.05）,the dimension of basic verbal and nonverbal communication skills among the scale were improved significantly（P0.01）.85.7% of the students were satisfied with the training.Conclusion The nurse-patient communication skills training based on the cognitive apprenticeship model can improve the nursing students＇ communication skills,while further study is needed to explore the effect of communication skills training on nursing students＇ communication confidence.It was feasible that the overall settings of this training model were reasonable,with a variety of teaching forms,and got the excellent training effect.