从苏格拉底的“助产术”到柏拉图的“理性之乐”——再论《采矿学》课程教学的框架充填法

Discussion from the midwifery of Socrates to the rational pleasures of plato-discussing the method of frame filling in teaching Coal Mining Science

《采矿学》是一门较为复杂抽象又具体实在的专业课程,课程内容多又偏重实践,初学者一般难以理解和真正掌握。人的认知具有多维性、相对性、先占性、联想性、发展性以及整合性等特点,也包括了传统心理学中的多种心理活动。苏格拉底的"助产术",采用反问和反驳的方法使学生在不知不觉中接受他的思想影响,柏拉图提出教师要善于点悟、启发、诱导学生进入一种境界,使他们在"苦思冥想"后"顿开茅塞",喜获"理性之乐"。在长期的教学实践中,针对《采矿学》内容多难度大实践性强的特点,结合人的认知特点,笔者探索总结出新型的"框架充填法",即:首先引导学生建立矿井整体结构和煤矿主要生产系统总体内容这个大框架,帮助学生快速入门并产生学习兴趣和积极性,再逐步扩展添加充填煤炭开采的具体细节内容,从整体到局部和细节,又从细节回到局部和整体,使所学内容前后串接呼应,达到融会贯通的学习目的。这与先哲的"助产术"和"理性之乐"教学法有一致性和融通性。最后给出了该教学方法具体的课堂实践途径。

Coal Mining Science is a specialized course that is complicate ,abstract and concrete .And it contains plenty of contents and emphasizes on practice .It is difficult for beginners to understand and truly master it . Human cognition is characterized by multi-dimension , relativity , pre-occupation , association ,expansibility and integration . Meanwhile , it includes a variety of mental activity of traditional psychology . The midwifery of Socrates adopts the method of rhetorical question to make students accept his ideology unconsciously .Plato put forward that teachers must be skilled in guiding and inspiring students to enter a state that make them in meditation ,then suddenly enlightened ,and obtain the rational pleasures at last .In the long term of teaching practice ,the study proposes and sums up a new teaching method ,called frame filling ,according to the features of Coal Mining Science and human cognition . Firstly , it guides students to establish the overall structure and main production system of the mine .Then ,it gradually extends to the concrete contents of coal mining .All in all ,this method makes learned knowledge consecutiveness from whole to local parts to whole just the same as the method of midwifery and the rational pleasure .Finally ,it gives the practical approaches to teach .