困境与出路:大规模产品侵权之因果关系——从生产者的角度

Predicament and the Way-out: Causality of Mass Torts of Products——in Point of View of Producers

大规模产品侵权的出现,突破了传统因果关系法则的范畴,如坚守传统将导致众多受害人难以获得赔偿。为此,学者提出"必须采取一种超越传统侵权法的因果关系理论",但对于如何超越,具体展开论述者鲜见。提出在"特定受害人之损害是否由具有同质性的产品造成"方面,引入盖然性说与经验法则;在"侵权人的识别"问题上,借鉴整体证明理论、替代因果关系与市场份额责任。通过以上理论的运用为大规模产品侵权因果关系的认定提供一种新的思路,缓和因果关系举证责任,以保障受害人能够顺利获得赔偿。

The emergence of mass torts broke through the traditional causality law.Some scholars propose that ＂we should adopt some new theory of causation which surpasses the tradition ＂,but few have discussed in detail.This paper introduced probability theory and the rule of thumb to solve whether the damage was caused by homogeneous products;and introduce overall proof theory,alternative causation and market share in the responsibility in matters of recognition of the infringer.So,the burden of proof will be mitigated,and the victim can get compensation successfully.