慢性萎缩性胃炎实验动物模型的建立和研究进展

Advances in development of animal models of chronic atrophic gastritis

慢性萎缩性胃炎(chronic atrophic gastritis,CAG)作为胃癌前期疾病的一种,其研究与治疗都备受瞩目.尤其是动物模型的造模,还有很多值得探索的地方.本文首先探讨了实验动物的选择,认为主要用来造模的实验动物为Wistar大鼠和SD大鼠,但其年龄、性别的选择尚不统一,许多学者认为这些因素可能对实验造成影响.幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)作为慢性萎缩性胃炎的一种常见致病因素,虽然可成功造模,但造模时间较长且病理改变不稳定.N-甲基-N-硝基-亚硝基胍、氨水、脱氧胆酸钠、水杨酸钠等均是目前常用的造模物质,其单独及联合使用均能成功造模,然而其剂量及灌胃时间等尚没有统一标准.此外,还介绍了中医病证结合的造模方法,提出证候与客观评价指标等转换问题.本文总结了复制CAG实验动物模型的研究现状,有助于使CAG实验动物模型的复制更加严谨、规范和科学.

Chronic atrophic gastritis（CAG） is a precancerous disease whose research and treatment have attracted much attention.Development of animal models of CAG is very important for the research of this disease.Wistar rats and SD rats are mainly experimental animals used for modeling;however,the age and sex of these animals differ among different studies,although many scholars believe that these factors might affect experimental results.Helicobacter pylori is a common risk factor for CAG and can be used to create CAG model successfully,but this method is time-consuming and the induced pathological changes are not stable.N-methylN＇-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine,ammonia,sodium deoxycholate,and sodium salicylate are currently commonly used substances for inducing CAG.These substances can be used either alone or in combination to induce CAG successfully;however,the consistent dosage and perfusion time standards have not been established.In addition,combination of disease and syndrome by traditional Chinese medicine can also be used to model CAG.This article reviews recent advances in the development of animal models of CAG.