老年人自觉咀嚼效能影响因素的问卷调查及分析

Questionnaire survey and analysis on factors of self-rated chewing ability among the elderly adults

目的评估老年人口腔内健康存留牙的数量和位置以及患者的性别、受教育程度与自觉咀嚼效能的关系。方法 303例受试者,年龄为(67.3±5.2)岁,男性136名,女性167名。由受过培训的口腔医生对其进行口腔情况采集。对所有受试者进行自评咀嚼效能的调查问卷后计算分数。分析性别、受教育程度、口腔存留牙状况和咀嚼效能的关系。结果随着年龄的增长,咀嚼效能明显下降。无咀嚼困难的患者,口腔内至少存留有19.7颗有功能的天然牙,其中后牙区有12.8颗有功能的天然牙,至少有6.9个天然牙功能牙单位或者8.3个固定桥功能牙单位。性别和咀嚼效能无明显关系(P>0.05)。受教育年限不超过9年的受试者比受教育年限长的受试者咀嚼效能差。结论健康存留牙的数量是影响咀嚼效级的重要因素。性别与老年人的自觉咀嚼效能无关,受教育程度与老年人的自觉咀嚼效能有关。

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the self-rated masticatory efficiency and the number of healthy remaining natural teeth at different sites,gender and educational level in the elderly adults.MethodsA sample of303 adults,including 136 men and 167 women,with a mean age of（67.3±5.2） years,was recruited.Dental information on the number and status of remaining teeth was obtained through examination by trained and calibrated dentists.Self-assessment of masticatory efficiency（masticatory score） was evaluated with a self-administered questionnaire.The relationship between the number of healthy remaining natural teeth at different sites,gender,educational level and the self-rated masticatory efficiency among the elderly adults were analyzed.ResultsMasticatory efficiency decreased with age.To avoid chewing difficulty,at least 19.7 functional natural teeth（FNT）,12.8 posterior-functional natural teeth（FNT）,6.9 units of natural tooth-functional tooth units（FTUs）,or 8.3 units of fixed-bridge FTUs must remain.Self-rated masticatory efficiency among the elderly adults was associated with their educational level,but was not associated with gender（P0.05）.ConclusionThe number of healthy remaining teeth,including natural teeth and fixed prostheses,are key factors in masticatory efficiency.