成都市妇女孕前保健认知度及需求调查研究

Survey on Awareness and Demand for Preconception Care of Women in Chengdu

目的了解成都市围孕期妇女的孕前保健认知度及需求状况。方法 2011年7月-2012年1月对成都市225名初产孕妇为调查对象,采用访谈及问卷进行调查,回收有效问卷217份。结果 217名中仅13名进行了孕前保健,孕前保健的参与率较低(5.99%);孕妇的年龄和受教育程度对孕前保健的认知度、参与率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);孕前小剂量叶酸服用率11.20%,但正确服用率仅为1.50%。48.84%(106/217)听说过孕前保健,其中36.79%(39/106)知道孕前保健的最佳时间,但不完全了解孕前保健内容;55.67%(59/106)的夫妇知道需在孕前改变不良生活方式;21.69%(23/106)知道部分孕前检查内容,44.34%(47/106)知晓孕前补充小剂量叶酸预防神经管缺陷,仅3.77%(4/106)知道孕前遗传咨询。获取知识途径依次为网络22.64%(24/106),社区宣传或讲座24.53%(26/106),朋友同事33.96%(36/106),医院15.09%(16/106),书刊和广告3.77%(4/106),但仅10.10%的妇女是通过培训渠道获取的知识。高达89.40%的妇女迫切希望参加孕前保健及相关预防出生缺陷的知识培训,并希望去社区或妇幼专科医院接受相关孕前咨询及检查。结论成都市围孕期妇女孕前保健认知度较低,导致孕前保健的参与率较低、依从性较差,叶酸服用率低而不规范;孕前保健知识培训及服务形式、内容急待增强。围孕妇女孕前保健需求较高,倾向价廉、便捷的社区医院和妇幼专科医院。

Objective To determine awareness and need of preconception care among periconceptional women in Chengdu.Methods A total of 225 primiparas in Chengdu were surveyed by interview and questionnaire between July 2011 and January 2012,with 217 valid questionnaires returned.Results Only 13 of the 217 respondents received preconception care at a low rate of 5.99%.Differences were statistically significant in terms of effects of age and education level of pregnant women on awareness and preconception care rate（P0.05）.Preconception low-dose folic acid was administered in 11.20% of the respondents but correctly in only 1.50%.Out of the 48.84%（106/217） respondents who had heard of preconception care,36.79%（39/106） knew the best time for the service but none of them was aware what it included exactly,55.67%（59/106） understood that unhealthy lifestyles must be changed before conception,21.69%（23/106） knew some of the pre-pregnancy check items,44.34%（47/106） were aware that low-dose folic acid supplementation before pregnancy could prevent neural tube defects,and only 3.77%（4/106） knew about pre-pregnancy genetic counseling.The leading channel of information was the Internet（22.64%,24/106）,followed by community publicity campaigns or lectures（24.53%,26/106）,friends or colleagues（33.96%,36/106）,hospitals（15.09%,16/106）,publications or advertisements（3.77%,4/106）,and only 10.10% were informed by training sessions.Up to 89.4% of the respondents were eager to take part in preconception care knowledge training about birth defect prevention and hoped to have preconception counseling and checks at community or maternal and child health hospitals.Conclusions Awareness of preconception care is low among the periconceptional women in Chengdu,leading to low preconception care rate and poor service compliance as well as low and incorrect folic acid use.It is imperative to improve the knowledge training on preconception care as well as the forms and contents of the service.The periconceptional women have a high need of preconception care and tend to seek it from less costly,more accessible community and maternal and child health facilities.