青岛市区前列腺癌发病危险因素的病例对照研究

Risk factors of prostate cancer in urban Qingdao: A case-control study

目的:了解青岛市区前列腺癌发病的危险因素,为前列腺癌的科学防治提供理论依据。方法:在青岛市市立医院开展一项病例对照研究(1∶2配对),匹配条件为年龄、性别、民族和居住地类型相同。调查以面谈为主,辅以调查病历记录,采用条件Logistic回归法分析数据。结果:收到有效调查问卷258份,前列腺癌、BPH和其他前列腺疾病患者各86份,以其他疾病作为对照,家族中有恶性肿瘤患者前列腺癌的风险是无亲属患恶性肿瘤者的2.58倍;首次遗精年龄≤14岁者患前列腺癌的风险是≥18岁者的2.27倍;而首次性交年龄在25～30岁者是前列腺癌的保护因素,OR=0.76;35岁以前性生活频率≥4次/周与手淫≥3次/周者患前列腺癌风险明显增高,OR分别为2.57、2.30;吸烟和饮酒者前列腺癌发病风险亦增高,饮酒超过10年者尤为显著(OR=2.83)。结论:肿瘤家族史、首次遗精年龄较早、35岁前性生活频繁、手淫频繁、饮酒超过10年以上(乙醇≥150 g/d)均为前列腺癌的危险因素。

Objective： To investigate the risk factors of prostate cancer in urban Qingdao and provide some theoretical evidence for the scientific prevention and treatment of the disease. Methods： We performed a hospital-based matched case-control study in Qingdao Municipal Hospital. The cases and controls were matched in age, gender, nationality and the place of residence. All the subjects were interviewed face to face in the hospital using a questionnaire, and the data analyzed by the conditional logistic regression method. Results： According to the 258 valid questionnaires collected, the prostate cancer risk was significantly higher in the cases with a family history of cancer than in those without （ OR = 2.58 ）, and so was it in the men with the first spermatorrhea at the age of ≤ 15 years than in those at the age of ≥ 18 years （ OR = 2.27 ）. A decreased risk of prostate cancer was found among the men with the first experience of sexual intercourse between 25 to 30 years of age （ OR = 0.76 ）. An increased risk was shown in those with sexual intercourses ≥4 times per week before 35 years old （ OR = 2.57）, masturbations ≥ 3 times per week （ OR = 2.30） and a drinking history （ alcohol ≥ 150 g/d） of ≥ 10 years （ OR = 2.83 ）. Conclusion ： Positive family history of cancer, earlier age of the first spermatorrhea, sexual intercourses ≥4 times per week before 35 years old, frequent masturbations, and heavy drinking for more than 10 years are risk factors for prostate cancer.