军校医学生心理弹性与其人格、认知偏向、正负性情绪的关系

Relationships of resilience with personality,cognitive attention,positive and negative affect in military medical students

目的探讨军校医学生的心理弹性与其人格、认知偏向、正负性情绪的关系。方法采用心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、大五人格简式量表(NEO-FFI)、正负性认知偏向量表(APNIS)、正负性情绪量表(PANAS-C)对某军医大学1 014名本科生进行抽样调查。结果①军校医学生心理弹性总分为(72.83±11.21)分,一年级和三年级学生的心理弹性显著高于二年级学生(P<0.01),男女生心理弹性无统计学差异(P>0.05)。②心理弹性高分组与低分组在人格、认知偏向、正负性情绪上均存在统计学差异(P<0.01)。心理弹性总分与外向性、开放性、宜人性、严谨性、正性他人、正性自己、正性情绪呈显著正相关(r值为0.12～0.56,P<0.01);与神经质、负性他人、负性自己、负性情绪呈显著负相关(r值为-0.15～-0.30,P<0.01)。③神经质、严谨性、宜人性、负性自己、正性自己、负性情绪、正性情绪可有效的预测军校医学生的心理弹性水平,总解释率为41.9%。④正性情绪在外向性、负性情绪与心理弹性之间起部分中介效应,在负性自己和心理弹性之间起完全中介效应。结论军校医学生的心理弹性水平与其人格、认知偏向、正负性情绪密切相关,积极正性的人格特征、合理的认知偏向以及正性情绪都能够促进个体心理弹性的发展,是心理弹性的重要保护性因素。

Objective To identify the relationships of resilience with personality, cognitive attention, positive and negative affect in military medical students. Methods Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale （CD-RISC）, NEO Five-Factor Inventory （NEO-FFI）, Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale （APNIS） and Chinese version of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule （PANAS-C） were used to survey in 1 100 military medical students sampled from a military medical university. Results There were 1 014 valid questionnaires collected in this study. The total score of resilience was 72.83 ± 11.21, with that of the students from grades 1 and 3 significantly higher than that of the students from grade 2 （ P 〈 0. 01 ）, but there was no significant difference between male and female students personality, cognitive attention and positive and negative （P 〉 0. 05 ）. There were significant differences in the affect between the students with higher and lower resilienee score （P 〈 0.01 ）. Total resilience had an obvious positive correlation with extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, positive/others, positive/self and positive affect （r = 0. 12 to 0.56, P 〈 0. 01 ）. It was also negatively correlated with neurotieism, negative/others, negative/self and negative affect （r = -0. 30 to - 0.15, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, negative/self, positive/ self, negative affect and positive affect were important and effective predictors for resilience, accounting for 41.9% of variance. Positive affect partially mediated the effects of extraversion and negative affect on resilience, and positive affect also totally mediated the relationship of negative/self and resilience. Conclusion Military medical students＇ resilience is closely related with their personality, cognitive attention, positive and negative affect. Positive personality characteristics, rational cognitive attention, and positive affect are importantprotective factors for resilience, and are helpful to improve the development of personal resilience.