起重机械结构健康监测关键技术研究

Research on key technology in structural health monitoring of hoisting machinery

围绕起重机械结构健康监测关键技术问题的研究现状,从基于光纤声发射的结构健康监测,基于结构振动分析的结构健康监测,基于数字图形图像处理技术的结构健康监测和基于结构应力应变分布的结构健康监测等方向的技术研究展开综述。起重机结构健康监测研究目前尚处于起步阶段,起重机结构健康监测系统存在成本高、精度低的现实;传感器最佳数量选择、布点位置的合理性、传感器信号的接收与布线、智能传感元件耐久性及抗干扰、抗噪、识别精度以及传感网络的抗噪性、鲁棒性、可视性研究仍然需要做大量研究,起重机结构健康监测研究任重而道远。

Aiming at the research situations of critical technical problem in structural health monitoring of hoisting machinery, the paper summarizes the critical technologies regarding the structural health monitoring based on optical fiber acoustic emission, monitoring based on structural vibration analysis, monitoring based on digital image processing technology, monitoring based on structure stress and strain distribution. The research on structural monitoring of cranes is currently at the initial stage, with high cost and low accuracy; a large amount of emphasis shall be put on the selection of optimal quantities of sensors, reasonability of distribution locations, receiving and wiring of sensor signals, durability, anti-interference, noise proof, and recognition precision of smart sensors, as well as the noise proof, robustness, and visuality of sensor network, which shows a heavy and long-term challenge for structural health monitoring of hoisting machinery.