森林生态系统粗木质残体研究进展

Coarse woody debris in forest ecosystems:a review

粗木质残体(coarse woody debris,CWD)是森林生态系统中重要的结构性和功能性组成要素,是联系森林生态系统养分循环、碳库储存、群落更新以及为其他有机体提供生境等主要功能的载体和纽带,对森林生态系统的能量流动及物质循环以及在维护森林生态系统的完整性和稳定性方面具有重要作用,科学有效地对其进行定量化研究,对了解粗木质残体在生物地球化学循环过程中和全球碳循环与碳平衡中的地位与作用具有重要意义。从4个方面阐述森林生态系统粗木质残体的研究进展:①粗木质残体的来源及分类;②粗木质残体的研究内容;③粗木质残体的研究方法;④粗木质残体的生态功能。最后提出了提高粗木质残体定量化研究以及结构与功能研究的4种路径选择:①改进研究方法,提高粗木质残体基础数据的定量化研究,加强本底数据的积累,并构建丰富翔实的粗木质残体数据库;②重视粗木质残体结构与功能的研究,强化人类活动对粗木质残体的影响及其对森林生态系统结构和功能影响的研究;③发展粗木质残体生态功能定量化与模型化研究,定量研究粗木质残体的分解速率及其在生物地球化学循环和全球碳循环与碳平衡中的作用;④研究粗木质残体的动态特征与森林演替的交互关系,优化粗木质残体可持续经营管理方式及管理策略。

Coarse woody debris（CWD）is an important structural and a functional element in forest ecosystems.CWD is found in forest ecosystem nutrient cycling,carbon storage,and community regeneration;it is also beneficial for organisms providing habitats and other linkages.It is also conducive to the energy flow and material cycling of forest ecosystems.CWD is useful for conducting effective scientific quantitative research to understand the carbon cycle and carbon balance.This paper reviews CWD research progress in forest ecosystems covering 4 critical issues：（1） origin and classification of CWDs,（2） research methods for CWDs,（3）dynamics of CWDs（including study level,study area,storage and composition of CWDs,nutrient storage,decomposition dynamics,carbon storage,and the carbon cycle）,and（4） ecological functions of CWDs.Four methods to improve quantitative research as well as structural and functional research are proposed：（1） improving research methods,（2） offering CWD as a basis for quantitative data,（3） accumulating background data,and（4） building a rich and informative CWD database.Emphasis is placed on CWD structure and function.Another aspect is strengthening the influence of human activities on CWDs,and CWD impact on ecosystem structure and function.This study provides quantitative development of CWD ecological functions with modeling.Additionally,quantitative study of the CWD decomposition rate and the role of CWDs in biogeochemical cycles,in global carbon cycling,and in carbon balance is discussed.Interactions of dynamic characteristics for CWDs and forest succession are mentioned as well as optimization of CWD sustainable management methods and management strategies.