由《韩非子》所见楚国史料推考屈原命运沉浮之根由

THE BASIC REASONS FOR THE SUCCESS AND SETBACK IN THE FATE OF QUYUAN FROM HISTORIC MATERIALS ABOUT THE CHU KINGDOM IN HANFEIZI

"两用昭、景"是楚宣王和楚威王一贯运用的重要制衡策略。楚怀王初年,昭、景坐大。为了抑制昭、景,强化王权,怀王调整策略,转而重点扶植屈氏。这是屈原后来得以出任左徒的根本原因。但丹阳一战,屈氏猝然遭遇重创;蓝田战后,怀王更是威略难振。嗣后怀王,包括顷襄王不得不再蹈宣、威旧辙,继续两用昭、景,是以屈原始终难获起复。屈原一生命运沉浮完全与怀王、顷襄王调整"两用昭、景"这一制衡策略的整个过程相始终。

＂Fostering and depending on the Zhao and Jing families equally＂ had always been an important power balance tragedy in the reign of the Xuan King and the Wei King of the Chu Kingdom. In the early years of the reign of the Huai King, the families of Zhao and Jing had grown powerful in the country, to restrain the influence of these two families and to enhance the power of the king of the Chu kingdom, the Huai King adjusted his tragedy and turned to foster the families of Qu, and this became the basic reason for Quyuan to have the chance to take up the post of Zuotu. In the War of Dan Yang, however, the Qu family suffered a serious defeat, even worse, after the War of Lantian, the Huai king could hardly restore his prestige. From then on, the Chu Huai King, as well as the Qing Xiang King had to get back to the policy of the Chu Xuan King and the Chu Wei King, continuing to foster the two families of Zhao and Jing equally, and just because of this, Quyuan couldn＇t get fostered by the king again all along. The success and setback in the fate of Quyuan completely paralleled the whole course of the adjusting of the tragedy of ＂fostering and depending on the two families of Zhao and Jing equally＂ by the Chu Huai King and the Qing Xiang King.