土地保障对农村社会保障替代性分析

An Analysis of Substitution of Land Security for Rural Social Security

对于我国农村的社会保障,土地的经济保障性弱,风险分摊性差,缺乏强制积累财富化解风险的机制,其效用外溢全社会但却没有建立起与受益边界相匹配的供给制度-组织边界,不具备社会保障四方面的基本特征,不具有对社会保障的替代作用。土地不胜农村社会保障之重,却因被动承载保障功能而损失土地效率和农业绩效,首重保障功能的农地产权制度安排实际上带给农民的是负效用。政府需在土地之外提供社会保障公共品,以剥离土地的保障功能,释放土地的生产效率。

Land＇s weak economic security and poor risk allocation are easily seen in China＇s rural social security.There is no mechanism to enforce wealth building and to minimize risks.The overflow effect of land doesn＇ t help to set up a supply system which matches the benefit margin in the whole society.Land security doesn＇ t have the four elementary characteristics of social security and cannot place an irreplaceable role on it.On the one hand,the land is unable to endure the burden of rural social security,and on the other hand,it has to bear the weight of security function.As a result,the loss of land efficiency and agricultural performance come into being.The rural land property rights system,which emphasizes the security function in the first place,actually brings negative utility to the peasants.The government should provide rural people with the social security public goods besides the land to strip the social security function of rural land and release the land production efficiency.