玉米品种产量潜力水平形成原理及其与施肥的关系

Relationship between Fertilizer Tolerance Traits and Yield Potential Level of Crop Varieties and the Influence of Fertilization

为了探索玉米品种产量潜力的形成原理和影响因素,应用不平衡施肥条件下选育的6个玉米自交系(1父5母),在平衡与不平衡2种施肥方法下进行了杂交并在第2年进行了组合鉴定试验。结果表明,不平衡施肥条件下杂交的5个组合在相同条件下种植鉴定,组合间的产量方差分析达到显著差异水平,并且组合间苗期植株氮含量测定值的方差分析也达到显著差异水平,多重比较检验结果也与产量检验结果较为一致,而这些组合在平衡施肥条件下种植,组合间产量则无明显差异且单位面积产量并未有增加趋势,表明该品种是具有不平衡施肥特性的品种;不平衡施肥条件下培育自交系在平衡施肥条件下杂交的组合,无论在平衡施肥条件下还是不平衡施肥条件下种植,虽然组合间产量均无显著差异,玉米产量与不平衡条件下的组合也无明显差异,但平衡施肥条件下培育品种单位面积产量较不平衡施肥培育品种平均增加8.7%,而在不平衡施肥条件下种植,单位面积产量减少5.6%,可见,该品种是具有平衡施肥特性的品种,是玉米自交系在平衡施肥条件下选择与遗传的结果。玉米平衡施肥特性基因是自交系所固有的,平衡与不平衡施肥条件是隐性和显性基因互相转化的重要条件或激活剂。

To study the principle of yield potentiality formation and influencing factors of crop varieties,corn inbred line bred under unbalanced condition were used to conduct cross and variety comparison experiments through balanced and unbalanced fertilization methods.The results showed for the south-unbalanced varieties bred under unbalanced fertilization planted in the corresponding conditions,the yield variance analysis of five varieties reached to significant criterion,and the variance analysis of nitrogen content in plants at seedling stage also reached significant difference level.Multiple comparisons test result was also in consistent with yield test result,but there was no significant difference in yield among varieties when it was planted under balanced fertilization condition.But for south-balanced variety formed by crossing under balanced fertilization condition,there was no significant difference in yield among varieties whether planted under balanced or unbalanced conditions,and there was no significant difference in crop yield between south-balanced variety and south-unbalanced variety.It demonstrated that resistance to unbalanced supply of soil nutrient was a basic genetic characteristic of south-unbalanced variety and it was a result of selective evolution and the inheritance of nutrition absorption character in corn inbred line under unbalanced fertilization condition.But it was a pseudo difference,only the varieties with fertilizer tolerance and high utilization efficiency of nutrition bred under balanced fertilization condition had high yield potentiality,and the variance analysis of nitrogen content in plants at seedling stage could also reflect yield level.