三峡水库不同应急调度方式对库区水华抑制作用初步研究

Preliminary Research on the Prevention of Water Blooms by Emergency Scheduling in the Three Gorges Reservoir

河道筑坝蓄水后易爆发水华现象,在短期内要减轻对生态环境的影响,可以通过改变水库调度方式,使其对河流突发性生态环境的恶化影响降到最小程度。文章以三峡库区水华暴发为背景,以枢纽实际运行状态为依据,通过9种可行性应急方案的数值模拟计算,分析三峡水库水位消落阶段坝前水流特性,阐述枢纽调度对水华的影响,研究三峡水库抑制水华暴发的最优调度方法。研究表明:方案5在运行初期水体交换率较大,效果明显。

Water blooms are prone to break out in reservoir when dams are built up. Adjusting the reservoir opera- tion is a practical approach to alleviate its impact on coo-environment in the short term. With the water blooms in the Three Gorges Reservoir as a background and in accordance with the actual operation of the reservoir, we de- signed 9 feasible emergency scheduling cases through mathematical numerical simulation. For each case, we ana- lyzed the characteristics of flow downstream of the dam during water level drawdown, and expounded the effects of reservoir operation on the water blooms in the purpose of seeking the optimum reservoir operation plan to curb water blooms in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Results suggest that the operation in case 5 has obvious effect by retaining a large discharge in the initial period of the operation and a consequent big exchange rate.