分子生物学途径提高作物氮效率研究进展

Study progress of molecular approaches in improving nitrogen use efficiency of crop plants

氮肥利用率低是当前影响我国农业可持续发展的重要问题,而通过生物技术手段挖掘植物自身氮吸收利用潜力是提高作物氮效率的重要途径。介绍了可能对提高作物氮效率有重要影响的基因,综述了目前通过基因工程手段提高植物氮效率的研究现状。综合当前的研究来看,谷氨酰胺合成酶基因、丙氨酸转氨酶基因、氮素再利用相关基因及转录因子等相关基因在提高作物氮效率方面具有较大的潜力,应该成为未来研究的重点方向。

The nitrogen use efficiency（NUE） is very low nationaly wide in China,which is an important issue influencing the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture.With the development of molecular techniques nowdays,genetic approch has great potential in improving NUE of crops.Here,we introduced the key genes that might improve the NUE of crop plants.Study progress of genetic approach in NUE improvment was reviewed.Futher study should focus on the genes that encoded glutamine synthetase,alanine aminotransferase,transcription factor and enzymes involving in nitrogen remobilization which should have great potential in improving NUE of crop.