哺乳动物原始卵泡形成调节机制的研究进展

Regulation mechanism of mammalian primordial follicle assembly

哺乳动物原始卵泡库的建立与持续的卵泡募集及发育对于物种的延续发挥着重要的作用。哺乳动物雌性胚胎发育期间,原始生殖细胞(PGCs)经迁移到达性腺后转变成卵原细胞,卵原细胞经过不完整有丝分裂形成生殖细胞Cyst。在动物出生前后,Cyst开始解聚成单个卵母细胞并被颗粒细胞前体细胞包围形成最初的原始卵泡。控制Cyst解聚、卵母细胞存活、原始卵泡形成的分子机制正被人们逐渐地认识,本文将以小鼠为模型,阐述控制其原始卵泡形成的分子细胞机制,内容涉及了卵泡形成过程中的生殖细胞凋亡与自噬、生长因子、信号通路、激素、转录因子、细胞粘附分子等诸方面。这将有助于人们更详细的了解人类卵巢功能性不孕、卵巢早衰、生殖癌症等生殖疾病的发生机制。

Follicular pool establishment and follicular recruitment and development play an important role in the mammalian reproduction. During embryonic development of female mammals, primordial germ cells （PGCs） migrated to the gonads and become oogonia, which form germ cell cyst because of incomplete mi- tosis. Before and after birth of mammalian, germ cells within cyst began to split into single oocytes and surrounded by a pre--granulosa cells, and formed the primordial follicle. The molecular mechanism of cyst breakdown, oocyte survival and primordial follicle formation is gradually got to know by people, this arti- cle uses mice as animal model, to discuss the molecular mechanism of primordial follicle formation, inclu- ding germ cell apoptosis and autophagy, growth factor and signaling pathways, hormone, transcription factors, cell adhesion molecules and other aspects. It will help people understand more deeply the female infertility, premature ovarian failure, reproductive cancers and other reproductive diseases.