优秀运动员的运动创伤流行病学调查

Epidemiological Study of Sports Injury in Elite Athletes

本研究对象是国家和省、市级运动队 2 9个 ,行业体协队 18个 ,49种运动项目 ,对 6 810名运动员进行了运动创伤流行病学调查。结果 :共查出 317种损伤 ,有伤者 40 49名 ,患病率为 5 9 37%。其中腰背肌肉筋膜炎为 14 48% ,踝腓侧副韧带损伤为 4 49% ,膝半月板损伤为 4 2 0 % ,肩袖损伤为 4 0 7% ,髌骨末端病为 3 5 7% ;按受伤组织分类 :肌肉、腱、鞘、末端损伤患病率为 5 0 38% ,韧带损伤为 10 79% ,关节损伤为 9 47% ;各种运动项目患病率差异较大 ,自79 6 5 % - 5 5 6 %不等。共使用治疗方法 6 5种 ,其中使用最多 ,疗效稍好的前 3种方法为手法占 34 % ,针刺占 11 2 4% ,中药外敷占 9 77%。运动损伤对训练影响 ,能正规训练占 6 4 5 6 % ,运动量减少一半以内占 2 3 98% ,减少一半以上占9 10 % ,停训者占 2 36 %。作者针对问题提出健全运动训练和医疗制度 ,加强岗位责任制 ,及时总结损伤的经验教训 ,以尽可能减少事故的发生。

The epidemiology of sports injury in elite athletes of China was studied.6810 elite athletes from the national teams,29 provincial teams and 18 associational teams, which covered 49 kinds of events were surveyed.4029 athletes were found with 317 kinds of sports injuries.The total incidence was 59 37%.The most common injuries were chronic injury of lumbodorsal muscle fascitis (14 48%),injury of lateral ligaments of the ankle(4 49%), knee meniscus injury(4 20%),rotator cuff injury(4 07%) and patella enthesiopathy (3 57%).According to injury tissue,50 38% of the injuries were to muscle,tendon,vagina and enthesis;10 79% were to the ligament;9 47% were to the joint.The injury incidence among events was different from 79 65% to 5 56%.65 kinds of treatments were investigated.Of which,massage,acupuncture and Chinese traditional herb external application were the most useful and effective treatments.The effect of injury on training showed that after injury,64 56% athletes kept on regular training,23 98% were forced to reduce training load less than 50%, while 9 10% more than 50%,and 2 36% were forced to detraining.Some suggestions for medical supervision,prevention and rehabilitation research on common injury and severe injury,special muscle training for different events and fitness improvement were advised.