河南省汝州市布鲁氏菌病高发乡高危人群布病防治知识及行为习惯调查

Awareness of brucellosis prevention knowledge and risk behavior prevalence among people in high risk population in Ruzhou,Henan

目的了解河南省汝州市布鲁氏菌病(布病)高发乡高危人群对布病防治知识的知晓程度及行为习惯等,为开展布病健康教育提供依据。方法应用现况研究中抽样调查的方法,制定调查问卷,用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库,SPSS 16.0软件进行统计描述与危险因素分析。结果本次共调查244人,布病防治知识总体知晓率为29.00%,性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、职业类别、工作年限、牲畜种类、牲畜产地、是否患过布病等因素对高危人群布病防治知识知晓率有影响(P﹤0.05);行为习惯中有"接生过羊羔"、"接触过羊及流产物"、"剥过死羊羔"、"手上有伤口接触牛羊及其制品"、"工作后不洗手直接吃东西"等可能感染布病的高危行为习惯所占的比例分别为50.00%、38.10%、16.40%、40.20%和36.50%,而有工作时戴手套和戴口罩等良好习惯的感染比例仅为5.70%和2.00%。布病防治知识得分和行为习惯得分之间有较弱的正相关性(rs=0.19,P<0.05),随着布病防治知识得分的提高,其行为习惯得分也升高。结论汝州市布病高危人群中布病防治知识知晓率较低,生活及工作中仍存在较高比例的高危行为,提高布病防治知识知晓率,能够改善其高危行为习惯。

Objective To understand the awareness of brucellosis prevention knowledge and prevalence of risk behaviors among people in high risk area in Ruzhou, Henan province, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of brucellosis. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among the sampling selected people, the database was established with EpiData 3.1 software and the results were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software. Results A total of 244 people in high risk area were surveyed. The overall awareness rate of brucellosis prevention knowledge was 29.00%. The awareness rate varied with gender, age, ethnicity, education level, occupation, work experience, livestock species, animal origin and history of brucellosis （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; The risk behaviors included delivering sheep of lamb, contact with aborted sheep, stripping dead lamb, contact with cattle/sheep and their products when hands had wound, eating without washing hands when work finished, the probability of infection due to these high-risk behaviors may be 50. 00% , 38.10%, 16.40% , 40. 20%, and 36. 50%, respectively, while the probability to be infected may be only 5.70% and 2.00% respectively if gloves and masks are worn during work time. The positive correlation was observed between the awareness of related knowledge and the prevalence of related behaviors （ rs = 0. 19, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The awareness rate of brucellosis prevention knowledge was low among the people in high risk area in Ruzhou. The high risk behaviors were prevalent among local people. It is necessary to take measures to increase their awareness of brucellosis prevention knowledge.