十六倍体三叶半夏品种特性的分析

Species characteristics for sixteen-ploid Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.

利用三叶半夏悬浮细胞为材料,通过秋水仙素诱导后获得稳定的半夏多倍体株系。通过染色体鉴定、生理分析以及药典规定项目的测定,综合考察半夏多倍体株系的品种特性,评价其作为新品种的潜力。结果表明:优良半夏株系为八倍体三叶半夏,加倍后的半夏为染色体加倍的十六倍体半夏。与八倍体半夏相比,十六倍体半夏在形态学方面表现出植株矮壮,叶片变圆变厚,块茎增大的特点,细胞学方面表现出气孔密度降低,保卫细胞增大,叶绿体个数增多的现象。经过种植实验得出结论:十六倍体半夏生长期延长,抗逆性增强,夏季基本不倒苗,并且块茎个体均一,品质较好,总体产量增加。对十六倍体半夏块茎进行测定比较后发现,十六倍体半夏符合药典中规定的各项定性和定量指标规定。由此可见,通过半夏的单细胞进行多倍体的诱导是一种可行的方案,并且诱导得到的十六倍体为抗性增强、产量提高,且符合药典规定的半夏新品系。

Polyploid induction used single cells as materials and added colchicine in liquid medium for chromosome doubling. Polyploid P. ternata tubers were analyzed in species characteristics and determination for items in Pharmacopoeia of People＇s Republic of China. Detection of the chromosomes number of root-tip cells in regeneration plant showed that sixteen-ploid contained 208 chromosomes which was twice of that of octploid P. ternata. Compared with the Octoploid P. ternata, remarkable changes were found in the morphology and cytology characterizations in the sixteen-ploid P. ternata, sixteen-ploid P. ternata was shorter, with thicker and deeper green leaves, stronger leafstalks, and bigger tubers. Through the comparison for microstructures between sixteen-ploid P. ternata and Octoploid P. ternata, the sixteen-ploid P. ternata had smaller stoma density, the bigger guard cells, and the more number of chloroplasts. After planting experiment ,we got that the sixteen-ploid P. ternata had higher stress resistance,longer growth period and no phenomenon of ＂sprout tumble＂. The tuber of sixteen-ploid P. ternata had higher yield,higher quality and uniform size. Through the content of determination for items in Pharmacopoeia of People＇s Republic of China,the sixteen-ploid P. ternata tubers complied with the provisions of the qualitative and quantitativeindices requirements. It followed that single cell was one of the ideal material for chromosome doubling and the sixteen polid P. ternata had higher quality as a new kind of strain.