北京市水资源形势与对策

Situation and management strategy of water resources in Beijing

从北京市历史上的水到北京市水资源现状,系统分析了北京市的水资源形势,分析了北京市2001—2010年的用水量、用水结构以及供水结构,表明农业和工业用水都呈现下降的趋势,而生活用水呈起伏增长趋势;北京市近10年地表水资源量日益减少,重要水源地的地下水位大幅下降,加重了水资源的短缺。从2003年开始,随着再生水的利用和外调水的引入,水资源量严重不足的现状得到了一定的缓解,但由于遭遇连续干旱,地表水日益枯竭、地下水位持续下降与地表水环境污染严重等因素的影响,缺水问题无法得到根本解决。基于当今北京市水资源面临的主要问题,从强化水源保护、优化水资源配置、节约用水及污水资源化4个方面提了相应的应对措施,以缓解水资源承载压力,为北京市今后的发展奠定基础。

The article systematically analyzed Beijing＇ history resources to current water resources situation; s water resources situation from Beijing and analyzed water consumption, water structure and water supply structures from 2001 to 2010 in Beijing, in which agricultural and industrial water showed a downward trend, while the the domestic water showed an undulant growth trend; In the past ten years, the lack of surface water resources and the significant decline of groundwater level in the important water source in Beijing aggregate the shortage of water resources. Since 2003, with the impact of the use of recycled water and the introduction of transfer water, the situation of the serious shortage of water resource has been alleviated. However, because of the continuous drought, the increasing depletion of surface water, decline in groundwater levels, and serious environmental pollution of surface water, the problem of water shortage can not be fundamentally resolved. Based on the main problems faced by the Water Resources in Beijing today, in order to ease the bearing pressure of water resources and lay the foundation for the future development in Beijing, we should take the appropriate response from four aspects ： strengthen the protection of water sources, optimize the allocation of water resources, conserve water and take advantage of sewage water.