中国消费者权利保护现状研究——以联合国《保护消费者准则》为基准

The Current Status of Consumer Rights in China: Based on the UN Guidelines for Consumer Protection

1985年联合国大会通过《保护消费者准则》,该准则是联合国经济及社会理事会长期研究磋商制定出的一套保护消费者的国际准则。基于《保护消费者准则》提出的七大权利,即安全权、经济利益保护权、知情权、受教育权、赔偿权、结社权和可持续消费权的维度,结合全国26省(自治区、直辖市)48地区调查的实证数据,能够客观分析中国消费者权利保护的现状。调查表明,中国消费者对权利保护关注度很高,对安全权总体感受一般,在食品和药品领域安全风险最大;对低市场化行业的经济利益保护权保障不够;消费者更多相信政府披露的信息,对媒体披露的信息认可度很低;维权途径、程序复杂、耗时过长成为赔偿权难以保障的主要原因;消费者对自然资源可持续消费的信心不足,可持续消费权受到一定阻碍。加强中国消费者权利保护,当前应当重点加强食品和药品领域的安全权保护;建立"小额诉讼制度",完善"惩罚性赔偿制度",创设"消费公益诉讼制度";加强消费者维权知识的教育力度;促进消费者权益保护组织社会化发展。

In 1985, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Guidelines for Consumer Protection to develop a set of international guidelines for consumer protection. Based on the seven rights raised by the Guidelines, including the right to security, the right to economic interests, the right to be informed, the right to consumer education, the right to redress, the right to form association and the right to sustainable consumption,combined with the investigation data from 26 provinces and 48 regions, we can objectively analyze the status of consumer rights in China. The survey shows that Chinese consumers care about the consumer rights a lot. They feel that the right to safety is protected in general,and there is a great risk in the field of food and drug security protection; the right to economic interests in low marketization industry is not protected enough; consumers believe more in the information provided by the government, while the recognition of information provided by the media is low; the litigation process is complicated and the trial time is too long which becomes the main reason for consumer＇s compensation; consumers lack of confidence in sustainable consumption of natural resources. In order to strengthen the protection of consumer rights, we should focus on strengthening the food and drug security protection, establishing the small claims system, perfecting the punitive damages system, creating the public interest litigation, strengthening consumer rights knowledge education, and promoting the social development of consumer protection organizations.