东苕溪鱼类生物完整性评价河流健康体系的构建与应用

Development and application of IBI based on fish to assess the river's health in the East Tiaoxi River

以东苕溪流域为研究区域,建立基于鱼类生物完整性指数(IBI)的河流健康评价指标体系.采样点来自2个不同的生态区,共建立了2套不同的IBI评价指标体系和标准.上游支流样点均来自浙闽山地常绿阔叶林生态区,从而建立了东苕溪上游支流的IBI指标体系:即鱼类总物种数(M1)、平鳍鳅科鱼类物种数百分比(M5)、中国土著鱼类物种数百分比(M6)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(M7)、无脊椎动物食性鱼类个体百分比(M13)、植食性鱼类个体百分比(M14)、敏感性鱼类个体百分比(M1)7个参数指标.中下游样点均来自长江三角洲城镇及城郊农业生态区,建立了东苕溪中下游区域的IBI指标体系:即鱼类总物种数(M1)、虾虎鱼科鱼类物种数百分比(M4)、中国土著鱼类物种数百分比(M6)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(M7)、上层鱼类物种数百分比(M8)、中上层鱼类物种数百分比(M9)、植食性鱼类个体百分比(M14)、借助贝类产卵鱼类物种数百分比(M21)、鱼类总个体数(M22)、畸形、患病鱼类个体数百分比(M23)等10个参数指标.河流健康状态划分为5个健康等级:即"健康"、"一般"、"较差"、"极差"和"无鱼".应用IBI指标体系评价东苕溪流域的45个观测点的河流健康状况,结果显示东苕溪流域绝大多数河段的健康状况处于"一般"和"较差"水平.2011年,东苕溪中下游河段的健康状态较2010年有所改善,然而上游支流的健康状态较2010年有所下降.

Index of biological integrity（IBI） based on fish to assess the river health in the East Tiaoxi River was established in this study.Two IBI systems and assessment criteria were established due to sampling sites being from two different eco-regions.The sampling sites from the tributaries in the upper reaches of East Tiaoxi were in the eco-zone of evergreen broad-leaf forest between Zhejiang Province and Fujian Province,and IBI in the tributaries was established including species richness（M1）,percentage of species in the Balitoridae to species richness（M5）,percentage of endemic species to species richness（M6）,Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index（M7）,percentage of invertivores to abundance（M13）,percentage of herbivores to abundance（M14） and percentage of intolerant species to abundance（M16）.The sampling sites from the middle-lower reaches of East Tiaoxi River were in the Eco-zone of agriculture area in urban and suburban in the Yangtze River Delta,and IBI in the middle-lower reaches was established including species richness（M1）,percentage of species in the Gobiidae to species richness（M4）,percentage of endemic species to species richness（M6）,Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index（M7）,percentage of species inhabit in the up layer to species richness（M8）,percentage of species inhabit in the middle-up layer to species richness（M9）,percentage of herbivores to abundance（M14）,percentage of species spawn in shells to species richness（M21）,abundance（M22） and percentage of DELT to abundance（M23）.The status of river health was categorized into five levels,such as ‘healthy’,‘fair’,‘poor’,‘very poor’ and ‘no fish’.Two IBIs were applied to assess the 45 observation sites in the East Tiaoxi River in 2010 and 2011.The results showedthat the river’s health was mainly at the status of ‘fair’ and ‘poor’.By contrast in 2011,the observation sites of ‘healthy’ and ‘fair’ decreased by 1 and 2 sites than those in 2010,respectively.Meanwhile,the observation sites of ‘poor’,‘very poor’ and ‘no fish’ increased by 1 site than those in 2010,respectively.