语图叙事的在场与不在场

Presence and Absence of the “Language-Image” Narrative

"在场"与"不在场"不仅关涉语言显露真理的可靠性,也关涉文学叙事的真切性,即"不隔"或"隔"的问题。相对语言符号而言,图像叙事是一种在场的"图说",因为视觉器官的观看之道是"陷入"世界并栖居其中,在"看"与"被看"的紧密相拥中自恋自乐,沉醉其中而物我两忘。但图像符号不过是"存在的薄皮",图说之所说不过是一种"皮相之见",而所谓"画外意"及其"比德"并非画之本有,因为我们已经将"在场"赋予图说。言说的不在场不仅表现为符号表意的间接性,文字文本充任言说的"代用品"也是其重要表征。因此,口说的词能否在书写文本中被重新唤起,就成为后者的在场理想。"音响"作为语言的"第一能指"决定了它的永远在场,也决定了语言艺术的音乐性本质,"形象性"并不能区隔文学与非文学的根本不同。在语言和图像"叙事共享"的场域,前者有可能穿越后者,使不透明的"薄皮"变得透明,"图说"由此被赋予了"言说"的深长意味。

Presence'and'absence'relate not merely to the reliability of language elucidating truth,but also to the truthfulness of literary narrative,namely the issue of'non-separation'or'separation.'As compared with language symbols,image narrative is a kind of present'ekphrasis,'because the way of watching of visual organs is'to get immersed'in the world and inhabit in it,so that they can find enjoyment in the intimacy of'watching'and'being watched,'and find intoxication in becoming unaware of the self and the outside world.But image symbols are merely a'pellicle of being,'and the narration of ekphrasis is no more than a'superficial and shallow one.'The so-called 'implication'and'virtue comparison'are not inherent in the image itself,for we have ascribed'presence'to ekphrasis.The absence of speaking is manifest not only in the indirectness of symbolic implications,but also in literal texts which serve as the 'substitute'of speaking.Therefore,whether oral words can be re-evoked in written texts becomes the latter's ideal of presence.'Acoustics,'as the'first signifier'of language,determines both its permanent presence and the musical nature of language art, and'images'cannot distinguish fundamentally between literature and non-literature. In the'narrative sharing'domain of language and images,the former may penetrate the latter and enable the opaque'pellicle'to become transparent.'Ekphrasis'is thus imbued with the implications of'speaking.