密闭空间作业场所职业中毒事故的调查分析

Investigation of occupational poisoning in the confined space workplace

目的探讨密闭空间作业场所职业中毒事故的原因,提出控制预防职业中毒的措施与对策。方法采用事故后的流行病学调查方法,对湛江市2003—2012年间发生的10起密闭空间作业场所职业中毒事故进行调查分析。结果湛江市2003—2012年发生的密闭空间作业场所职业中毒事故10起,28人中毒,死亡8人,死亡率28.57%。事故主要发生在船舶、水产和采矿等行业。引起职业中毒的毒物品种主要是窒息性气体、刺激性气体和有机溶剂。中毒原因主要是缺乏监管制度、无有效的防护用品、缺乏职业病防护知识教育等。结论严格执行《密闭空间作业职业病危害防护规范》的有关规定,建立制度、落实职责、采取职业病危害防护的综合控制措施,消除或控制密闭空间作业场所的职业病危害因素,是防止职业中毒的有效对策。

[ Objective] To find out the causes of occupational poisoning accident happened in confined space, and put forward con- trol measures and countermeasures to prevent occupational poisoning. [ Methods ] The method of epidemiological investigation was adopted to survey 10 occupational poisoning accidents happened in confined space workplaces of Zhanjiang City from 2003-2012. [Results] From the year 2003-2012, there were 10 occupational poisoning accidents happened in confined space workplace in Zhanjiang City, with 28 persons poisoned, 8 （28.57%） death cases. The accident happened mainly in marine, aquaculture and mining and other industries. The main varieties of poison included asphyxiating gas, irritant gases and organic solvents. Poisoning was mainly due to lack of supervision system, non-effective prevention activities, less occupational disease education, etc. [ Conclusion]To strictly carry out the provisions of ＂Specification of prevention and control on occupational hazards in confined space＂, to establish the system, to implement the responsibility, to take comprehensive measures for occupational disease control, to eliminate or control hazards in confined space, etc are the effective countermeasures for occupational poisoning control.