民航某飞行分院飞行学员膳食营养状况

Dietary nutrition survey of flying cadets in a branch of Civil Aviation Flight College

目的了解飞行学员的膳食营养现况,为合理调整膳食结构,进行健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用称量法调查分析民航某飞行分院空勤灶飞行学员的膳食结构,同时用BMI评价飞行学员营养状况;使用问卷调查法了解六大队飞行学员营养知识、行为、态度现况。结果①膳食结构以谷物为主,平均每人每日摄取532.86 g,占食物总量的25.76%,牛奶摄入严重不足;②飞行学员飞行日平均每人每日摄取热能15 281 KJ,蛋白质、脂肪摄入超出标准,维生素A、维生素B1及钙元素摄入不足;③热质源配比不合理,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物产热分别占总热量的17.71%、33.65%、48.64%;④使用BMI评价飞行学员营养状况,结果显示营养过剩9名(8名超重和1名肥胖),平均BMI为(25.86±1.85)kg/m2;⑤问卷调查结果表明,飞行学员们营养及航空营养知识的掌握偏低,营养行为欠佳,但营养的态度很好。结论针对调查结果建议:①空勤食堂在非飞行日添加粗粮,飞行日适当调整动物性食物的分配比例,提高每人每日牛奶的摄入量;②营养过剩者应采用有效运动、调整膳食结构的方法,控制、减轻体重;③航卫工作者开展多形式的营养及航空营养知识的健康教育,提高飞行学员的营养意识,养成和保持良好的营养行为和习惯。

[ Objective ] To understand the dietary nutritional status of flying cadets, and provide scientific evidence for reasonable adjustment of diet structure and health education. [ Methods] The diet structure of flight cadets was investigated by weighing meth- od, meanwhile their nutritional status was evaluated by using BMI in a branch of Civil Aviation Flight College. The nutrition knowl- edge, behaviors and attitudes of flying cadets in No. 6 brigade were investigated by questionnaire. [ Results] （1）The dietary structure was grain-based, average intake was 532.86 g per person per day, occupying 25.76% of total food, milk intake was a serious shortage. （2）The daily average intake of energy of flying cadets was 15 281KJ, protein, fat intake exceeded the standard, the intake of vitamin A, vitamin B1 and calcium Were inadequate. （3）Thermal mass source was unreasonable, protein, fat, carbohydrates heat production accounted for 17.71%, 33.65 %, 48.64% of total calories ;（4）BMI evaluation showed the nutritional status of flying ca- dets ： 9 were excess nutrient （ 8 overweight and 1 obese ）, the average BMI was （ 25.86 ＋ 1.85 } kg/m2 ; （5）Questionnaire survey re- suits showed that the nutrition and aviation nutrition knowledge of flying cadets was at a low level, with poor nutrition behavior, but their attitude of nutrition were good. [ Conduslon ] Suggestions：（1）Aircrew canteen adds coarse grains in non-flying day, properly adjusts the allocation proportion of animal food in flight day, and increases the intake of milk daily per capita. （2）The excess nutrient should adopt effective movement, adjust dietary structure, control and reduce weight. （3）Many forms of nutrition knowledge and health education should be carried out among aviation workers to improve nutritional awareness of flying cadets, develop and main- tain their good behavior and habits of nutrition.